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Transesterification of Nannochloropsis oculata microalga's oil to biodiesel using calcium methoxide catalyst

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  • Teo, Siow Hwa
  • Islam, Aminul
  • Yusaf, Talal
  • Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin

Abstract

Biodiesel is an environmental friendly liquid fuel similar to conventional diesel in combustion properties. It has received international attention in recent times, as that biodiesel is renewable, non-toxic and safe to store. In this study, high grade biodiesel was produced from microalgae (Nannochloropsis oculata) derived lipids via transesterification reaction with methanol in the presence of heterogeneous Ca(OCH3)2 (calcium methoxide) catalyst. The biodiesel was produced with high yield; (92%) at 60 °C compared to the highest yield reported as 22% with the use of a Mg–Zr catalyst. The product exhibited excellent performances. The catalyst was characterized by TG/DTA (thermogravimetric-differential thermal analyses), XRD (X-ray diffraction), BET (Brunauer – Emmett – Teller), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), SEM-EDX (scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer) and TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis. The effect of different reaction parameters including reaction time, methanol/oil molar ratio and catalyst dosage on the yield of FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) was studied. Interestingly, the catalyst can be reused five times successively without affecting the biodiesel yield. Biodiesel produced from microalgae oil consists of high levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, making it highly suitable as winter grade biodiesel.

Suggested Citation

  • Teo, Siow Hwa & Islam, Aminul & Yusaf, Talal & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2014. "Transesterification of Nannochloropsis oculata microalga's oil to biodiesel using calcium methoxide catalyst," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 63-71.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:78:y:2014:i:c:p:63-71
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.07.045
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    4. Ling, Jiayin & Nip, Saiwa & de Toledo, Renata Alves & Tian, Yuan & Shim, Hojae, 2016. "Evaluation of specific lipid production and nutrients removal from wastewater by Rhodosporidium toruloides and biodiesel production from wet biomass via microwave irradiation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 185-194.
    5. Cuevas-Castillo, Gabriela A. & Navarro-Pineda, Freddy S. & Baz Rodríguez, Sergio A. & Sacramento Rivero, Julio C., 2020. "Advances on the processing of microalgal biomass for energy-driven biorefineries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    6. Ling, Jiayin & Tian, Yuan & de Toledo, Renata Alves & Shim, Hojae, 2017. "Cost reduction for the lipid production from distillery and domestic mixed wastewater by Rhodosporidium toruloides via the reutilization of spent seed culture medium," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 135-141.
    7. Gohain, Minakshi & Laskar, Khairujjaman & Paul, Atanu Kumar & Daimary, Niran & Maharana, Mrutyunjay & Goswami, Imon Kalyan & Hazarika, Anil & Bora, Utpal & Deka, Dhanapati, 2020. "Carica papaya stem: A source of versatile heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production and C–C bond formation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 541-555.
    8. Teo, Siow Hwa & Islam, Aminul & Mansir, Nasar & Shamsuddin, Mohd Razali & Joseph, Collin G. & Goto, Motonobu & Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin, 2022. "Sustainable biofuel production approach: Critical methanol green transesterification by efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    9. Zhang, Xiaolei & Yan, Song & Tyagi, Rajeshwar Dayal & Drogui, Patrick & Surampalli, Rao Y., 2016. "Ultrasonication aided biodiesel production from one-step and two-step transesterification of sludge derived lipid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 401-408.
    10. Emilia Neag & Zamfira Stupar & S. Andrada Maicaneanu & Cecilia Roman, 2023. "Advances in Biodiesel Production from Microalgae," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-18, January.
    11. Singh, Poonam & Kumari, Sheena & Guldhe, Abhishek & Misra, Rohit & Rawat, Ismail & Bux, Faizal, 2016. "Trends and novel strategies for enhancing lipid accumulation and quality in microalgae," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 1-16.
    12. Niu, Shengli & Zhou, Yan & Li, Hui & Lu, Chunmei & Liu, Li, 2015. "An investigation on the catalytic capability of the modified white mud after activation in transesterification and kinetic calculation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 982-989.
    13. Ma, Yingqun & Wang, Qunhui & Sun, Xiaohong & Wu, Chuanfu & Gao, Zhen, 2017. "Kinetics studies of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using FeCl3-modified resin as heterogeneous catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 522-530.

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