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Microalgae: Antiquity to era of integrated technology

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  • Patel, Akash
  • Gami, Bharat
  • Patel, Pankaj
  • Patel, Beena

Abstract

Uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and technological revolution increase fossil fuel consumption at higher rate that prompted researchers looking for alternative energy source to cover the current need and future demand of energy. Biomass of terrestrial crops has been studied as a promising source of renewable energy in last few decades however large scale production is still questionable because of lower productivity, indirect use of fossil fuel, lack of land availability and food vs. fuel conflict. These limitations of land based system fetch opportunity to look into untapped potential use of microalgae with high biomass productivity from saline and waste water stream. This unconventional way of feedstock generation can additionally produce value added products apart from clean energy. This review presents current scenario of microalgae applications in biofuel production and micro algae based high value bio-product industries leveraging environmental protection and waste utilization benefits. Microalgae cultivation, harvesting and biomass conversion technologies for biodiesel production have been reviewed based on adapting ancient learning to understand critical factors affecting overall productivity and economic viability. Dedicated efforts from technical experts are still required for economic viability of large scale biodiesel production in spite of positive finding at small scale. Several high value bio-products from microalgae amplified magnetism of trades for investment in this field. Microalgae cultivation intersects two key concern areas of global warming and water pollution control/water recycling by CO2 sequestration and waste water utilization respectively. Integration of suitable upstream and downstream processing technologies with multiple product portfolio would make the microalgae bio-refinery economical viable.

Suggested Citation

  • Patel, Akash & Gami, Bharat & Patel, Pankaj & Patel, Beena, 2017. "Microalgae: Antiquity to era of integrated technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 535-547.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:71:y:2017:i:c:p:535-547
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.12.081
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira & Freitas, Bárbara Catarina Bastos de & Lisboa, Cristiane Reinaldo & Santos, Thaisa Duarte & Brusch, Lucio Renato de Fraga & de Morais, Michele Greque, 2019. "Microalgal biorefinery from CO2 and the effects under the Blue Economy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 58-65.
    3. Patel, Beena & Patel, Akash & Gami, Bharat & Patel, Pankaj, 2020. "Energy balance, GHG emission and economy for cultivation of high biomass verities of bamboo, sorghum and pearl millet as energy crops at marginal ecologies of Gujarat state in India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 816-823.
    4. Laura Vélez-Landa & Héctor Ricardo Hernández-De León & Yolanda Del Carmen Pérez-Luna & Sabino Velázquez-Trujillo & Joel Moreira-Acosta & Roberto Berrones-Hernández & Yazmin Sánchez-Roque, 2021. "Influence of Light Intensity and Photoperiod on the Photoautotrophic Growth and Lipid Content of the Microalgae Verrucodesmus verrucosus in a Photobioreactor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-11, June.
    5. Chu, Ruoyu & Li, Shuangxi & Zhu, Liandong & Yin, Zhihong & Hu, Dan & Liu, Chenchen & Mo, Fan, 2021. "A review on co-cultivation of microalgae with filamentous fungi: Efficient harvesting, wastewater treatment and biofuel production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    6. Lim, Yi An & Ilankoon, I.M.S.K. & Chong, Meng Nan & Foo, Su Chern, 2023. "Improving microalgae growth and carbon capture through micro-size bubbles generation in flat-panel photobioreactors: Impacts of different gas sparger designs on mixing performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).

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