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Thermodynamic analysis of an in-cylinder waste heat recovery system for internal combustion engines

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  • Zhu, Sipeng
  • Deng, Kangyao
  • Qu, Shuan

Abstract

In this paper, an in-cylinder waste heat recovery system especially for turbocharged engines is proposed to improve the thermal efficiencies of internal combustion engines. Simplified recovery processes can be described as follows: superheated steam generated by engine waste heat is injected into the pipe before the turbine to increase the boost pressure of the fresh air; intake valve close timing is adjusted to control the amount of fresh air as the original level, and thus the higher pressure charged air expands in the intake stroke and transfers the pressure energy directly to the crankshaft. In this way, the increased turbine output by the pre-turbine steam injection is finally recovered in the cylinder, which is different from the traditional Rankine cycle. The whole energy transfer processes are studied with thermodynamic analyses and numerical simulations. The results show that the mass flow rate of the injected steam has the biggest influence on the energy transfer processes followed by the temperature of the injected steam. With this in-cylinder waste heat recovery system, the fuel economy of a selected turbocharged diesel engine can be improved by 3.2% at the rated operating point when the injected mass flow ratio is set to be 0.1.

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  • Zhu, Sipeng & Deng, Kangyao & Qu, Shuan, 2014. "Thermodynamic analysis of an in-cylinder waste heat recovery system for internal combustion engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 548-556.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:67:y:2014:i:c:p:548-556
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2014.02.006
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    1. Zhu, Sipeng & Liu, Sheng & Qu, Shuan & Deng, Kangyao, 2017. "Thermodynamic and experimental researches on matching strategies of the pre-turbine steam injection and the Miller cycle applied on a turbocharged diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 488-505.
    2. Wang, Liang-Chen & Chang, Li-Ming & Wang, Liang-Bi & Song, Ke-Wei & Zhang, Yong-Heng & Wu, Xiang & Lin, Zhi-Min, 2014. "Analysis of the reusability of the energy of the exhaust gas from the calciner for the production of carbon," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 439-450.
    3. Zhao, Rongchao & Li, Weihua & Zhuge, Weilin & Zhang, Yangjun & Yin, Yong, 2017. "Numerical study on steam injection in a turbocompound diesel engine for waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 506-518.
    4. Magno, Agnese & Mancaruso, Ezio & Vaglieco, Bianca Maria, 2015. "Effects of both blended and pure biodiesel on waste heat recovery potentiality and exhaust emissions of a small CI (compression ignition) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 661-671.
    5. Zhang, Zhongbo & Liu, Qin & Zhao, Rongchao & Chen, Youpeng & Qin, Qichao, 2022. "Research on in-cylinder steam injection in a turbocompound diesel engine for fuel savings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).
    6. Poran, Arnon & Tartakovsky, Leonid, 2015. "Energy efficiency of a direct-injection internal combustion engine with high-pressure methanol steam reforming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 506-514.
    7. Zhao, Rongchao & Wen, Dayang & Li, Weihua & Zhuge, Weilin & Zhang, Yangjun & Yin, Yong, 2020. "Characteristic and regulation method of parallel turbocompound engine with steam injection for waste heat recovery," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    8. Mingrui Wei & Thanh Sa Nguyen & Richard Fiifi Turkson & Guanlun Guo & Jinping Liu, 2016. "The Effect of Water Injection on the Control of In-Cylinder Pressure and Enhanced Power Output in a Four-Stroke Spark-Ignition Engine," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-22, September.
    9. Kim, SeLin & Choi, KyungWook & Lee, Kihyung & Kim, Kibum, 2016. "Evaluation of automotive waste heat recovery for various driving modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 579-589.
    10. Liu, Qi & Xie, Mingke & Fu, Jianqin & Liu, Jingping & Deng, Banglin, 2021. "Cylinder steam injection (CSI) for internal combustion (IC) engine waste heat recovery (WHR) and its application on natural gas (NG) engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    11. Li, Lifu & Zhang, Zhongbo, 2019. "Investigation on steam direct injection in a natural gas engine for fuel savings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 958-970.
    12. Zhang, Zhongbo & Wan, Weijian & Zhang, Wencan & Liu, Qin & Zhao, Rongchao & Chen, Youpeng & Qin, Qichao, 2022. "Research of the impacts of in-cylinder steam injection and ignition timing on the performance and NO emission of a LPG engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    13. Zhongbo Zhang & Lifu Li, 2018. "Investigation of In-Cylinder Steam Injection in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine for Waste Heat Recovery and NO x Emission Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-22, April.
    14. Kunlin Cheng & Yu Feng & Chuanwen Lv & Silong Zhang & Jiang Qin & Wen Bao, 2017. "Performance Evaluation of Waste Heat Recovery Systems Based on Semiconductor Thermoelectric Generators for Hypersonic Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-16, April.

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