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Utilization of municipal wastewater for cooling in thermoelectric power plants: Evaluation of the combined cost of makeup water treatment and increased condenser fouling

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  • Walker, Michael E.
  • Theregowda, Ranjani B.
  • Safari, Iman
  • Abbasian, Javad
  • Arastoopour, Hamid
  • Dzombak, David A.
  • Hsieh, Ming-Kai
  • Miller, David C.

Abstract

A methodology is presented to calculate the TCC (total combined cost) of water sourcing, water treatment and condenser fouling in the recirculating cooling systems of thermoelectric power plants. The methodology is employed to evaluate the economic viability of using treated MWW (municipal wastewater) to replace the use of freshwater as makeup water to power plant cooling systems. Cost analyses are presented for a reference power plant and five different tertiary treatment scenarios to reduce the scaling tendencies of MWW. Results indicate that a 550 MW sub-critical coal fired power plant with a makeup water requirement of 29.3 ML/day has a TCC of $3.0–3.2 million/yr associated with the use of treated MWW for cooling. (All costs USD (United States dollars) 2009). This translates to a freshwater conservation cost of $0.29/kL, which is considerably lower than that of dry air cooling technology, $1.5/kL, as well as the 2020 conservation cost target set by the U.S. Department of Energy, $0.74/kL. Results also show that if the available price of freshwater exceeds that of secondary-treated MWW by more than $0.13–0.14/kL, it can be economically advantageous to purchase secondary MWW and treat it for utilization in the recirculating cooling system of a thermoelectric power plant.

Suggested Citation

  • Walker, Michael E. & Theregowda, Ranjani B. & Safari, Iman & Abbasian, Javad & Arastoopour, Hamid & Dzombak, David A. & Hsieh, Ming-Kai & Miller, David C., 2013. "Utilization of municipal wastewater for cooling in thermoelectric power plants: Evaluation of the combined cost of makeup water treatment and increased condenser fouling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 139-147.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:60:y:2013:i:c:p:139-147
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2013.07.066
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    1. Walker, Michael E. & Safari, Iman & Theregowda, Ranjani B. & Hsieh, Ming-Kai & Abbasian, Javad & Arastoopour, Hamid & Dzombak, David A. & Miller, David C., 2012. "Economic impact of condenser fouling in existing thermoelectric power plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 429-437.
    2. Sheikh, Anwar K & Zubair, Syed M & Younas, Muhammad & Budair, M.O, 2000. "A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 445-461.
    3. Zubair, Syed M. & Sheikh, Anwar K. & Shaik, Mohammed N., 1992. "A probabilistic approach to the maintenance of heat-transfer equipment subject to fouling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 17(8), pages 769-776.
    4. Zubair, Syed M. & Sheikh, Anwar K. & Younas, Muhammad & Budair, M.O., 2000. "A risk based heat exchanger analysis subject to fouling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 25(5), pages 427-443.
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    2. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar, 2015. "Energy and water autarky of wastewater treatment and power generation systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 52-68.
    3. Nair, Sudeep & George, Biju & Malano, Hector M. & Arora, Meenakshi & Nawarathna, Bandara, 2014. "Water–energy–greenhouse gas nexus of urban water systems: Review of concepts, state-of-art and methods," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Ghoreyshi, Ali Asghar & Sadeghifar, Hamidreza & Entezarion, Fereshteh, 2014. "Efficiency assessment of air stripping packed towers for removal of VOCs (volatile organic compounds) from industrial and drinking waters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 838-843.
    5. Ling Yang & Lin Wang, 2022. "An Improved Emergy Analysis of the Environmental and Economic Benefits of Reclaimed Water Reuse System," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-12, April.
    6. Yuan Chang & Guijun Li & Yuan Yao & Lixiao Zhang & Chang Yu, 2016. "Quantifying the Water-Energy-Food Nexus: Current Status and Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-17, January.
    7. Meng, Fanxin & Liu, Gengyuan & Liang, Sai & Su, Meirong & Yang, Zhifeng, 2019. "Critical review of the energy-water-carbon nexus in cities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1017-1032.

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