Characterization and experimental verification of wake model for offshore fixed wind turbines under wind-wave coupling

Offshore fixed wind turbines operate under coupled wind-wave boundary conditions, resulting in more complex velocity decay characteristics in the wake region of the turbine. The manuscript proposed an anisotropic three-dimensional wake model to analyze the velocity distribution patterns of the wake region of offshore fixed wind turbines. The new model accounts for the effects of wind shear and wave-induced stress on the incoming flow velocity and further refines the original Gaussian-shaped wake velocity profile based on the principle of wake velocity reflection. Furthermore, laser radar field wind measurement experiments were conducted. By combining the data collected by the radar with the existing wake models, the accuracy of the model proposed in the manuscript was verified. Furthermore, the proposed model was validated using publicly available data from the literature. The results show that the field wind measurement experiments successfully measured the wake field data, and the wake model proposed in the manuscript has higher accuracy, with the relative error of the model generally controllable within 10%. This research can provide reference for the flow field structure analysis and operational control of offshore fixed wind turbines.