A review on modeling, simulation and experiment of dynamic wake effect of floating offshore wind turbines

Floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) represent a promising renewable energy source, offering substantial potential for harnessing the abundant deep-sea wind resources. However, the dynamic wake effect of FOWTs is complicated, posing significant challenges to the optimization of wind farm layout and control strategies. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of the existing research on modeling, simulation, and experimental investigations of dynamic wake effect in FOWTs. The fidelity and computational cost of these three approaches increase sequentially. Due to the challenges of modeling the complex temporal–spatial characteristics of wake dynamics, both analytical and machine learning models that account for platform motions remain inadequate. Fully coupled hydro-aero dynamic simulations still rely on simplified numerical models, while high-fidelity methods struggle to accurately represent actual platform motion. Wind tunnel experiments are limited by scale effects, and no field experiments have been conducted on floating offshore wind farms due to economic constraints. The findings from previous studies will provide insights into the complex interactions between FOWT motion, wake dynamics, and overall wind farm performance. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of dynamic wake effect of FOWTs and provides information for future research directions in this field.