Distributed coordination of electricity-hydrogen-ammonia integrated energy system with aggregated distributed energy resources under high renewable energy penetration

The operation of electricity–hydrogen–ammonia integrated energy systems (EHA-IES) and the scheduling of demand-side distributed energy resource aggregators (DERAs) are often addressed based on self-interest, lacking a unified energy scheduling and coordination framework. This fragmentation limits the system's ability to handle the challenges posed by high renewable energy penetration and the multiple uncertainties. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel day-ahead coordination framework based on Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition and Column Generation (DWD-CG), enabling efficient interaction between EHA-IES and DERAs. Firstly, electric vehicle aggregators (EVA) and thermostatically controlled load aggregators (TCLA) are modelled respectively using the Minkowski sum method and distributionally robust optimization approach, while demand response aggregators (DRA) are modelled considering psychological factors. Meanwhile, a detailed IES model incorporating hydrogen and ammonia energy storage is developed, and integrated into a large-scale optimization model. Given the model's high dimensionality, large-scale structure, and the need for aggregator data privacy, the DWD-CG algorithm is adopted for distributed solution. Case studies demonstrate that the When the penetration rate of renewable energy approaches 100 %, the interactive benefits with DERA account for approximately 50 % of the overall benefits of IES. The introduction of HESS and HESS + AESS configuration schemes increases the overall operational revenue of IESO by 28.74 % and 67.26 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm outperforms conventional methods in terms of computational efficiency, scalability, and convergence robustness, offering a practical and effective tool for large-scale coordinated scheduling of multi-energy systems with high renewable penetration.