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Advanced competitiveness of battery electric trucks and diesel trucks in cold-climate logistics: A stacking model for life cycle assessment

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  • Chang, Haonan
  • Cai, He
  • Zhang, Yaping
  • Gao, Yuee
  • Li, Chengjiang
  • Zhu, Jieyu

Abstract

New energy applications in transportation have emerged as a key strategy to reduce carbon emissions, but their performance in cold regions remains underexplored. We developed a stacking model to estimate energy consumption, evaluating the economic and environmental competitiveness of six diesel trucks (DTs) and their corresponding battery electric trucks (BETs) in cold regions. The results indicate that most BETs still exhibit a considerable cost advantage over DTs in low ambient temperatures. This advantage can be further enhanced under off-peak charging and favorable battery warranty conditions. From an environmental perspective, battery electric trucks produce higher CO2 and PM2.5 emissions but lower NOx than diesel trucks. These findings suggest that BETs have superior economic performance and potential to reduce emissions if supported by a cleaner grid mix. Our analysis provides new insights into the environmental and economic performance of BETs in cold regions, highlighting the conditions needed to improve their competitiveness.

Suggested Citation

  • Chang, Haonan & Cai, He & Zhang, Yaping & Gao, Yuee & Li, Chengjiang & Zhu, Jieyu, 2025. "Advanced competitiveness of battery electric trucks and diesel trucks in cold-climate logistics: A stacking model for life cycle assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:319:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225006759
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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