IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v299y2024ics0360544224012325.html

An online long-term load forecasting method: Hierarchical highway network based on crisscross feature collaboration

Author

Listed:
  • Fan, Jingmin
  • Zhong, Mingwei
  • Guan, Yuanpeng
  • Yi, Siqi
  • Xu, Cancheng
  • Zhai, Yanpeng
  • Zhou, Yongwang

Abstract

In order to ensure the efficient operation of the power system, accurate online load forecasting is necessary. Existing studies face challenges in addressing unconventional load changes in long-term load forecasting (LTLF) and are unsuitable for online forecasting due to their reliance on measured Forecast Day Data (FDD). The development of a model independent of prior knowledge is essential to improve the interpretability and applicability of load forecasting methods. In this study, a hybrid model based on Crisscross Feature Collaboration (CFC) and Hierarchical Highway Network (HHN) is introduced. During the horizontal feature learning, the HHN is employed to learn temporal information from annual load curves across multiple time scales, reducing time complexity in LTLF. Subsequently, the prediction results of various time scales are combined to approximate FDD, addressing data leakage problems. In the vertical feature matching phase, the similar day data are screened by the multi-modal information of FDD and the Toeplitz Inverse Covariance Based Clustering (TICC) method, enabling the model to be independent of prior knowledge. Finally, through the HHN, all similar day data are utilized to reconstruct the forecasting load curve. In LTLF, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the proposed model reduces by 94.35 %, 85.74 %, 84.02 %, 90.72 %, 85.17 % and 87.76 % respectively in different scenarios compared to the direct forecasting. This signifies the effectiveness of our model in predicting the unconventional load change and achieving accurate online LTLF.

Suggested Citation

  • Fan, Jingmin & Zhong, Mingwei & Guan, Yuanpeng & Yi, Siqi & Xu, Cancheng & Zhai, Yanpeng & Zhou, Yongwang, 2024. "An online long-term load forecasting method: Hierarchical highway network based on crisscross feature collaboration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:299:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224012325
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131459
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544224012325
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2024.131459?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lalitpat Aswanuwath & Warut Pannakkong & Jirachai Buddhakulsomsiri & Jessada Karnjana & Van-Nam Huynh, 2023. "A Hybrid Model of VMD-EMD-FFT, Similar Days Selection Method, Stepwise Regression, and Artificial Neural Network for Daily Electricity Peak Load Forecasting," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-24, February.
    2. Zhong, Mingwei & Xu, Cancheng & Xian, Zikang & He, Guanglin & Zhai, Yanpeng & Zhou, Yongwang & Fan, Jingmin, 2024. "DTTM: A deep temporal transfer model for ultra-short-term online wind power forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    3. Salinas, David & Flunkert, Valentin & Gasthaus, Jan & Januschowski, Tim, 2020. "DeepAR: Probabilistic forecasting with autoregressive recurrent networks," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(3), pages 1181-1191.
    4. Talaat, M. & Farahat, M.A. & Mansour, Noura & Hatata, A.Y., 2020. "Load forecasting based on grasshopper optimization and a multilayer feed-forward neural network using regressive approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    5. Li, Chen, 2020. "Designing a short-term load forecasting model in the urban smart grid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 266(C).
    6. Liu, Zhenkun & Jiang, Ping & Zhang, Lifang & Niu, Xinsong, 2020. "A combined forecasting model for time series: Application to short-term wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    7. Lin, Yu & Liao, Qidong & Lin, Zixiao & Tan, Bin & Yu, Yuanyuan, 2022. "A novel hybrid model integrating modified ensemble empirical mode decomposition and LSTM neural network for multi-step precious metal prices prediction," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    8. Jiang, Zongxi & Zhang, Luliang & Ji, Tianyao, 2023. "NSDAR: A neural network-based model for similar day screening and electric load forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    9. Yu, Lean & Liang, Shaodong & Chen, Rongda & Lai, Kin Keung, 2022. "Predicting monthly biofuel production using a hybrid ensemble forecasting methodology," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 3-20.
    10. Zang, Haixiang & Xu, Ruiqi & Cheng, Lilin & Ding, Tao & Liu, Ling & Wei, Zhinong & Sun, Guoqiang, 2021. "Residential load forecasting based on LSTM fusing self-attention mechanism with pooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    11. Wenhui Zeng & Jiarui Li & Changchun Sun & Lin Cao & Xiaoping Tang & Shaolong Shu & Junsheng Zheng, 2023. "Ultra Short-Term Power Load Forecasting Based on Similar Day Clustering and Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
    12. Wu, Siping & Xia, Guilin & Liu, Lang, 2023. "A novel decomposition integration model for power coal price forecasting," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    13. Liang, Yi & Niu, Dongxiao & Hong, Wei-Chiang, 2019. "Short term load forecasting based on feature extraction and improved general regression neural network model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 653-663.
    14. Karimi, M. & Karami, H. & Gholami, M. & Khatibzadehazad, H. & Moslemi, N., 2018. "Priority index considering temperature and date proximity for selection of similar days in knowledge-based short term load forecasting method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 928-940.
    15. Tian, Zhirui & Liu, Weican & Jiang, Wenqian & Wu, Chenye, 2024. "CNNs-Transformer based day-ahead probabilistic load forecasting for weekends with limited data availability," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    16. Meng, Anbo & Chen, Shun & Ou, Zuhong & Ding, Weifeng & Zhou, Huaming & Fan, Jingmin & Yin, Hao, 2022. "A hybrid deep learning architecture for wind power prediction based on bi-attention mechanism and crisscross optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    17. Zhu, Jizhong & Dong, Hanjiang & Zheng, Weiye & Li, Shenglin & Huang, Yanting & Xi, Lei, 2022. "Review and prospect of data-driven techniques for load forecasting in integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    18. Li, Chuang & Li, Guojie & Wang, Keyou & Han, Bei, 2022. "A multi-energy load forecasting method based on parallel architecture CNN-GRU and transfer learning for data deficient integrated energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    19. Haben, Stephen & Arora, Siddharth & Giasemidis, Georgios & Voss, Marcus & Vukadinović Greetham, Danica, 2021. "Review of low voltage load forecasting: Methods, applications, and recommendations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Xiaoyu & Duan, Pengfei & Cao, Xiaodong & Xue, Qingwen & Zhao, Bingxu & Hu, Jinxue & Zhang, Chenyang & Yuan, Xiaoyang, 2025. "A probabilistic load forecasting method for multi-energy loads based on inflection point optimization and integrated feature screening," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    2. Zhong, Mingwei & Fan, Jingmin & Luo, Jianqiang & Xiao, Xuanyi & He, Guanglin & Cai, Rui, 2024. "InfoCAVB-MemoryFormer: Forecasting of wind and photovoltaic power through the interaction of data reconstruction and data augmentation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    3. Zhang, Xuanyu & Wang, Jun & Wang, Yonggang & Wang, Song & Yang, Song & Wang, Yunuo & Gao, Kaize, 2025. "ACOLM: Adaptive contrastive online learning model for urban extreme weather load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    4. Wang, Junjie & Huang, Wenyu & Ding, Yuanping & Dang, Yaoguo & Ye, Li, 2025. "Forecasting the electric power load based on a novel prediction model coupled with accumulative time-delay effects and periodic fluctuation characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    5. Wook-Won Kim & Jun-Hyeok Kim, 2025. "Multi-Resolution LSTNet Framework with Wavelet Decomposition and Residual Correction for Long-Term Hourly Load Forecasting on Distribution Feeders," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(20), pages 1-16, October.
    6. Guan, Shouping & Xu, Chongyang & Guan, Tianyi, 2025. "Multistep interval prediction model with adjustable horizon for uncertain power load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    7. Yin, Linfei & Ju, Linyi, 2025. "ShuffleTransformerMulti-headAttentionNet network for user load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hu, Rong & Zhou, Kaile & Lu, Xinhui, 2025. "Integrated loads forecasting with absence of crucial factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    2. Yin, Linfei & Ju, Linyi, 2025. "ShuffleTransformerMulti-headAttentionNet network for user load forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    3. Liu, Tianhao & Li, Fangning & Zhang, Dongdong & Shan, Linke & Zhu, Hongyu & Du, Pengcheng & Jiang, Meihui & Goh, Hui Hwang & Kurniawan, Tonni Agustiono & Huang, Chao & Kong, Fannie, 2026. "Intelligent load forecasting technologies for diverse scenarios in the new power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PD).
    4. Duan, Pengfei & Zhao, Xiaoyu & Hu, Jinxue & Li, Kang & Xue, Qingwen & Cao, Xiaodong & Wang, Yanmin & Zhao, Bingxu & Zhang, Chenyang & Yuan, Xiaoyang, 2026. "Multi-energy load forecasting incorporating AI algorithms: research status and trends in integrated energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    5. Zhao, Xiaoyu & Duan, Pengfei & Cao, Xiaodong & Xue, Qingwen & Zhao, Bingxu & Hu, Jinxue & Zhang, Chenyang & Yuan, Xiaoyang, 2025. "A probabilistic load forecasting method for multi-energy loads based on inflection point optimization and integrated feature screening," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    6. Xu, Huifeng & Hu, Feihu & Liang, Xinhao & Zhao, Guoqing & Abugunmi, Mohammad, 2024. "A framework for electricity load forecasting based on attention mechanism time series depthwise separable convolutional neural network," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    7. Wang, Danhao & Peng, Daogang & Huang, Dongmei & Zhao, Huirong & Qu, Bogang, 2025. "MMEMformer: A multi-scale memory-enhanced transformer framework for short-term load forecasting in integrated energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    8. Zhong, Mingwei & Fan, Jingmin & Luo, Jianqiang & Xiao, Xuanyi & He, Guanglin & Cai, Rui, 2024. "InfoCAVB-MemoryFormer: Forecasting of wind and photovoltaic power through the interaction of data reconstruction and data augmentation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    9. Xie, Xiangmin & Ding, Yuhao & Sun, Yuanyuan & Zhang, Zhisheng & Fan, Jianhua, 2024. "A novel time-series probabilistic forecasting method for multi-energy loads," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    10. Park, Jungyeon & Alvarenga, Estêvão & Jeon, Jooyoung & Li, Ran & Petropoulos, Fotios & Kim, Hokyun & Ahn, Kwangwon, 2024. "Probabilistic forecast-based portfolio optimization of electricity demand at low aggregation levels," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    11. Zhao, Pengfei & Shen, Zhirong & Cao, Di & Lin, Zhiping & Chen, Zhe & Hu, Weihao, 2026. "Missing data-aware robust electrical load forecasting based on hierarchical downsampling-upsampling spatiotemporal graph network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 405(C).
    12. Qi Cheng & Jing Shi & Siwei Cheng, 2025. "Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Similar Day Theory and BWO-VMD," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-20, May.
    13. Hussan, Umair & Wang, Huaizhi & Peng, Jianchun & Jiang, Hui & Rasheed, Hamna, 2026. "Transformer-based renewable energy forecasting: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 226(PC).
    14. Saima Akhtar & Sulman Shahzad & Asad Zaheer & Hafiz Sami Ullah & Heybet Kilic & Radomir Gono & Michał Jasiński & Zbigniew Leonowicz, 2023. "Short-Term Load Forecasting Models: A Review of Challenges, Progress, and the Road Ahead," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-29, May.
    15. Umme Mumtahina & Sanath Alahakoon & Peter Wolfs, 2024. "Hyperparameter Tuning of Load-Forecasting Models Using Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms—A Systematic Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-51, October.
    16. Zhu, Jizhong & Dong, Hanjiang & Zheng, Weiye & Li, Shenglin & Huang, Yanting & Xi, Lei, 2022. "Review and prospect of data-driven techniques for load forecasting in integrated energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    17. Semmelmann, Leo & Hertel, Matthias & Kircher, Kevin J. & Mikut, Ralf & Hagenmeyer, Veit & Weinhardt, Christof, 2024. "The impact of heat pumps on day-ahead energy community load forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    18. Liu, Jingxuan & Zang, Haixiang & Cheng, Lilin & Ding, Tao & Wei, Zhinong & Sun, Guoqiang, 2025. "Generative probabilistic forecasting of wind power: A Denoising-Diffusion-based nonstationary signal modeling approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    19. Li, Ke & Qin, Zheng & Mu, Yuchen & Wang, Haiyang & Bie, Qingfeng & Yin, Xianxin & Yan, Yi, 2025. "Transfer learning-based multi-energy load forecasting method for integrated energy system with zero-shot," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 401(PC).
    20. Yan, Qin & Lu, Zhiying & Liu, Hong & He, Xingtang & Zhang, Xihai & Guo, Jianlin, 2024. "Short-term prediction of integrated energy load aggregation using a bi-directional simple recurrent unit network with feature-temporal attention mechanism ensemble learning model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 355(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:299:y:2024:i:c:s0360544224012325. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.