IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v272y2023ics0360544223004863.html

Effects of ammonia addition on the performance and emissions for a spark-ignition marine natural gas engine

Author

Listed:
  • Wei, Wenwen
  • Li, Gesheng
  • Zhang, Zunhua
  • Long, Yanxiang
  • Zhang, Hanyuyang
  • Huang, Yong
  • Zhou, Mengni
  • Wei, Yi

Abstract

The application of natural gas (NG) and ammonia in internal combustion engines contributes to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The present study aims to discuss the optimization direction and evaluate the GHG emission reduction potentials of NG engines blending with ammonia. In the present study, the effects of ammonia volume fraction (XNH3) and excess air ratio (λ) on the performance and emission characteristics of a spark-ignition marine NG engine were experimentally and numerically investigated. The in-cylinder pressure, heat release rate, brake thermal efficiency, and emissions (e.g. CH4, NH3, NOx, CO, CO2, N2O) were analyzed. Results show that the peak values of the in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate decrease with the increase of XNH3 and the optimum brake thermal efficiency increases by 1% compared with the pure NG engine. As for emission characteristics, it is found that NOx emissions increase first and then decrease with ammonia addition and the main NOx is produced from ammonia. With the increase of XNH3, CH4 emissions fluctuate, NH3 and N2O emissions monotonously increase. Moreover, the addition of ammonia can reduce CO2 emissions and the maximum reduction of CO2 emissions is approximately 44.1%.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Wenwen & Li, Gesheng & Zhang, Zunhua & Long, Yanxiang & Zhang, Hanyuyang & Huang, Yong & Zhou, Mengni & Wei, Yi, 2023. "Effects of ammonia addition on the performance and emissions for a spark-ignition marine natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:272:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223004863
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127092
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544223004863
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127092?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Xiao, Hua & Valera-Medina, Agustin & Bowen, Philip J, 2017. "Study on premixed combustion characteristics of co-firing ammonia/methane fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 125-135.
    2. Ezzat, M.F & Dincer, I., 2018. "Development and assessment of a new hybrid vehicle with ammonia and hydrogen," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 226-239.
    3. Li, Menghan & Zhang, Qiang & Li, Guoxiang & Shao, Sidong, 2015. "Experimental investigation on performance and heat release analysis of a pilot ignited direct injection natural gas engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1251-1260.
    4. Zhang, Zhiqing & Lv, Junshuai & Li, Weiqing & Long, Junming & Wang, Su & Tan, Dongli & Yin, Zibin, 2022. "Performance and emission evaluation of a marine diesel engine fueled with natural gas ignited by biodiesel-diesel blended fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    5. Yin, Zibin & Cai, Wenwei & Zhang, Zhuo & Deng, Zijin & Li, Zhiyong, 2022. "Effects of hydrogen-rich products from methanol steam reforming on the performance enhancement of a medium-speed marine engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).
    6. Chai, Wai Siong & Bao, Yulei & Jin, Pengfei & Tang, Guang & Zhou, Lei, 2021. "A review on ammonia, ammonia-hydrogen and ammonia-methane fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    7. Zhu, Jizhen & Zhou, Dezhi & Yang, Wenming & Qian, Yong & Mao, Yebing & Lu, Xingcai, 2023. "Investigation on the potential of using carbon-free ammonia in large two-stroke marine engines by dual-fuel combustion strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    8. Liu, Shang & Lin, Zhelong & Zhang, Hao & Lei, Nuo & Qi, Yunliang & Wang, Zhi, 2023. "Impact of ammonia addition on knock resistance and combustion performance in a gasoline engine with high compression ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PA).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Shuofeng & Sun, Yu & Yang, Jinxin & Wang, Huaiyu, 2024. "Effect of excess air ratio and ignition timing on the combustion and emission characteristics of the ammonia-hydrogen Wankel rotary engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).
    2. Chu, Xianghe & He, Jialin & Feng, Lining & Xu, Linxun & Duan, Xiongbo & Sun, Zhiqiang, 2025. "Effects of ammonia energy ratio and hydrogen addition on the performance of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    3. Ji, Changwei & Li, Hanlin & Yang, Jinxin & Meng, Hao, 2024. "Numerical investigation on the effect of ignition timing on a low-temperature hydrogen-fueled Wankel rotary engine with passive pre-chamber ignition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
    4. Zhu, Xianqi & Lu, Maoqi & Wan, Kaidi & Liu, Rongtang & Jiang, Chongwen, 2025. "Numerical simulation on combustion emission of hydrogen-ammonia blended natural gas rotary engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    5. Shi, Guodong & Li, Pengfei & Li, Kesheng & Hu, Fan & Liu, Qian & Zhou, Haoyu & Liu, Zhaohui, 2023. "Insight into NOx formation characteristics of ammonia oxidation in N2 and H2O atmospheres," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    6. Wang, Xiaonan & Sun, Wanchen & Zhang, Hao & Guo, Liang & Qu, Dawei & Li, Degang & Yang, Miao & Guo, Yanan & Ma, Xiaoyu, 2026. "Optical diagnostic study of the synergistic improvement in ammonia combustion process by pilot fuel volatility and two-stage injection strategies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).
    7. Sun, Wanchen & Wang, Xiaonan & Guo, Liang & Zhang, Hao & Zeng, Wenpeng & Lin, Shaodian & Zhu, Genan & Jiang, Mengqi & Ma, Xiaoyu, 2025. "Study on effects of EGR and injection strategies on the combustion and emission characteristics of ammonia/diesel dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    8. Ding, Ying & Han, Dong & Huang, Zhen, 2025. "Combustion and efficiency improvement of ammonia-hydrogen SI engine through hydrogen fraction and spark timing optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    9. Shin, Jisoo & Park, Sungwook, 2024. "Numerical analysis and optimization of combustion and emissions in an ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine using an ammonia direct injection strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    10. Wu, Yue & Liu, Long & Wang, Lifeng & Wu, Jie, 2025. "Investigation of performance and emission characteristics in natural gas dual fuel marine engines with a novel Burned Zone Ammonia Combustion strategy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    11. Liu, Junheng & Zhao, Wenyao & Ji, Qian & Wang, Zichun & Ma, Hongjie & Sun, Ping & Ao, Chengcheng, 2025. "Effects of ASR on combustion performance, GHG emissions and economic efficiency of ammonia/biodiesel dual-fuel low-carbon engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    12. Jinyi Hu & Yongbao Liu & Xing He & Jianfeng Zhao & Shaojun Xia, 2024. "Application of NH 3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NO x Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-39, June.
    13. Liang, Yuwei & Wang, Zhongjun & Dong, Dongsheng & Wei, Wenwen & Zhang, Hanyuyang & Li, Gesheng & Zhang, Zunhua, 2024. "Effects of hydrogen volume fraction, air fuel ratio, and compression ratio on combustion and emission characteristics of an SI ammonia-hydrogen engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rafael Estevez & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Felipa M. Bautista & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2023. "Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH 3 ) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-33, July.
    2. Cai, Tao & Zhao, Dan & Chan, Siew Hwa & Shahsavari, Mohammad, 2022. "Tailoring reduced mechanisms for predicting flame propagation and ignition characteristics in ammonia and ammonia/hydrogen mixtures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    3. Elbanna, Ahmed Mohammed & Cheng, Xiaobei, 2024. "The role of charge reactivity in ammonia/diesel dual fuel combustion in compression ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    4. Lin, Zhelong & Liu, Shang & Qi, Yunliang & Chen, Qingchu & Wang, Zhi, 2024. "Experimental study on the performance of a high compression ratio SI engine using alcohol/ammonia fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    5. Zhang, Jinhe & Elbanna, Ahmed Mohammed & Zhu, Jizhen & Qian, Yong & Lu, Xingcai, 2025. "Research on the state-of-the-art of efficient and ultra-clean ammonia combustion: From combustion kinetics to engine applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 391(C).
    6. Wang, Siqi & Chong, Cheng Tung & Xie, Tian & Józsa, Viktor & Ng, Jo-Han, 2023. "Ammonia/methane dual-fuel injection and Co-firing strategy in a swirl flame combustor for pollutant emissions control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    7. Vikas Sharma & Angad Panesar & Guillaume de Sercey & Steven Begg, 2024. "A Review of Ammonia Combustion and Emissions Characteristics in Spark-Ignition Engines and Future Road Map," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-29, December.
    8. Kumar, Laveet & Sleiti, Ahmad K., 2024. "Systematic review on ammonia as a sustainable fuel for combustion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    9. Gao, Yingying & Zhou, Xinyi & Lyu, Jieyao & Gao, Ming & Ni, Weixi & Zong, Yichen & Yang, Wenming, 2025. "An active in-cylinder DeNOx strategy for two-stroke low-speed ammonia marine engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    10. Liang, He & Yan, Xingqing & Shi, Enhua & Wang, Xinfei & Qi, Chang & Ding, Jianfei & Zhang, Lianzhuo & Chen, Lei & Lv, Xianshu & Yu, Jianliang, 2024. "Effect of hydrogen blending on ammonia/air explosion characteristics under wide equivalence ratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    11. Chu, Xianghe & He, Jialin & Feng, Lining & Xu, Linxun & Duan, Xiongbo & Sun, Zhiqiang, 2025. "Effects of ammonia energy ratio and hydrogen addition on the performance of ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    12. Sharma, Debojit & Lee, Bok Jik & Dash, Sukanta Kumar & Reddy, V. Mahendra, 2023. "Experimental and numerical investigation on ultra-high intensity premixed LPG- air combustion in a novel porous stack burner," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    13. Zhang, Hao & Lei, Nuo & Wang, Zhi, 2024. "Ammonia-hydrogen propulsion system for carbon-free heavy-duty vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 369(C).
    14. Zhang, Hao & Xu, Jiaxi & Lei, Nuo & Li, Bingbing & Sun, Hao & Chen, Boli, 2025. "Surrogate-enhanced multi-objective optimization of on-board hydrogen production device for carbon-free heavy-duty vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    15. Liu, Yuhao & Liu, Yu & Han, Linghai & Qu, Hanshi & Qian, Dingchao & Wang, Xiangyang & Xie, Fangxi & Zhao, Zhe, 2025. "Influence of wall structure on jet–wall interaction and combustion in an ammonia–hydrogen pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition system: A combined experimental and CFD study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    16. Liu, Yuhao & Liu, Yu & Wang, Xiangyang & Zhou, Jinyou & Zhang, Cheng & Jiang, Beiping & Wang, Bin & Xie, Fangxi & Zhao, Zhe, 2025. "Comparative visualization of jet-wall interaction in zero-carbon ammonia-hydrogen pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition: Effects of pre-chamber parameters and hydrogen enrichment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    17. Nie, Xuexuan & Bi, Yuhua & Lei, Jilin & Shen, Lizhong & Chen, Guisheng & Liu, Shaohua & Fu, Quan, 2025. "Generation characteristics of nitrogen-containing pollutants in ammonia-diesel dual-fuel engines under different operating conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 324(C).
    18. Jinyi Hu & Yongbao Liu & Xing He & Jianfeng Zhao & Shaojun Xia, 2024. "Application of NH 3 Fuel in Power Equipment and Its Impact on NO x Emissions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(12), pages 1-39, June.
    19. Wang, Huaiyu & Ji, Changwei & Wang, Du & Wang, Zhe & Yang, Jinxin & Meng, Hao & Shi, Cheng & Wang, Shuofeng & Wang, Xin & Ge, Yunshan & Yang, Wenming, 2023. "Investigation on the potential of using carbon-free ammonia and hydrogen in small-scaled Wankel rotary engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    20. Hookyung Lee & Min-Jung Lee, 2021. "Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-29, September.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:272:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223004863. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.