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In situ template preparation of porous carbon materials that are derived from swine manure and have ordered hierarchical nanopore structures for energy storage

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  • Qin, Liyuan
  • Wu, Yang
  • Jiang, Enchen

Abstract

Swine manure activated carbon (SMAC) was prepared by a simple in situ template method combining KOH activation with pyrolysis and using swine manure (SM) as a precursor. Natural metal oxides in SM are fully utilized as in situ templates instead of being removed. The effects of the in situ templates and the structural characteristics of the SMACs were studied via three contrasting strategies involving different pickling steps during pyrolysis and activation. The SMACs show excellent structural properties with specific surface areas of 876–2321 m2/g. The micropores size of all SMACs are concentrated at 0.5–0.6 nm; SMACPHF has the most macropores (∼50 nm), and SMACHF has more large macropores (∼100 nm) and mesopores (2–4 nm). These results should be attributed to CaO acting as a pore support, MgO catalyzing carbon decomposition and SiO2 reaction promoting the activation effect. SMACHF shows the best electrochemical performance with a specific capacitance of 278 F/g at 0.5 A/g and a high energy density of 24.62 Wh/kg at 450 W/kg for SMACHF-based symmetric supercapacitors; the rate of retention is 96.2% after 10,000 cycles. This study provides a meaningful scheme for the low-cost and effective preparation of biomass carbon electrodes for supercapacitors.

Suggested Citation

  • Qin, Liyuan & Wu, Yang & Jiang, Enchen, 2022. "In situ template preparation of porous carbon materials that are derived from swine manure and have ordered hierarchical nanopore structures for energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:242:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221032898
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.123040
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    1. Ponce, M. Federico & Mamani, Arminda & Jerez, Florencia & Castilla, Josué & Ramos, Pamela B. & Acosta, Gerardo G. & Sardella, M. Fabiana & Bavio, Marcela A., 2022. "Activated carbon from olive tree pruning residue for symmetric solid-state supercapacitor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    2. Liu, Hongwei & Wang, Yongzhen & Lv, Liang & Liu, Xiao & Wang, Ziqi & Liu, Jun, 2023. "Oxygen-enriched hierarchical porous carbons derived from lignite for high-performance supercapacitors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).

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