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Bio-Inspired adaptive damping in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced oscillations

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  • Sun, Hai
  • Bernitsas, Michael M.

Abstract

A hydrokinetic energy converter using Flow Induced Oscillations (FIOs) of a one-degree-of-freedom cylinder-oscillator, with nonlinear adaptive damping and linear spring stiffness, is introduced and studied experimentally. Comparison to a linear-oscillator in FIO shows that this new converter, with velocity-proportional damping coefficient, is more effective in galloping, where both flow and cylinder speeds are higher. It also impacts VIV, since the converter is no longer restricted by fixed damping, which results either in ceasing motion due to excessive damping, or in low harnessed energy due to insufficient damping. The impact is most profound in the VIV to galloping transition where adaptive damping prevents shutting down of hydrokinetic energy conversion. Damping-to-velocity rate, linear spring-stiffness, and flow-velocity are the experimental parameters with Reynolds number 30,000 ≤ Re ≤ 120,000. Experimental results for amplitude response, frequency response, energy harvesting, efficiency and instantaneous energy of the converter are presented and discussed. The main conclusions are: (1) The nonlinear, adaptive, velocity-proportional damping coefficient increases the harnessed power. (2) The operational range of flow velocities increases. (3) At lower flow speeds, the adaptive damping stabilizes the unstable oscillations typically occurring in this region. (4) At higher flow speeds, adaptive damping results in higher harnessed power than constant damping, thus, better emulating passively a corresponding, natural, active motion by fish. (5) Increase of 51%–95% in converted power by the nonlinear oscillator compared to linear oscillator has been measured. (6) The adaptive damping converter reaches a plateau in harnessed efficiency at high flow velocity (fully developed galloping).

Suggested Citation

  • Sun, Hai & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2019. "Bio-Inspired adaptive damping in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced oscillations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 940-960.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:176:y:2019:i:c:p:940-960
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.04.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sun, Hai & Ma, Chunhui & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2018. "Hydrokinetic power conversion using Flow Induced Vibrations with cubic restoring force," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 490-508.
    2. Sun, Hai & Kim, Eun Soo & Nowakowski, Gary & Mauer, Erik & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2016. "Effect of mass-ratio, damping, and stiffness on optimal hydrokinetic energy conversion of a single, rough cylinder in flow induced motions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 936-959.
    3. Sun, Hai & Ma, Chunhui & Kim, Eun Soo & Nowakowski, Gary & Mauer, Erik & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2017. "Hydrokinetic energy conversion by two rough tandem-cylinders in flow induced motions: Effect of spacing and stiffness," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 61-80.
    4. Sun, Hai & Ma, Chunhui & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2018. "Hydrokinetic power conversion using Flow Induced Vibrations with nonlinear (adaptive piecewise-linear) springs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1085-1106.
    5. Kim, Eun Soo & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2016. "Performance prediction of horizontal hydrokinetic energy converter using multiple-cylinder synergy in flow induced motion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 92-100.
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    1. Kim, Eun Soo & Sun, Hai & Park, Hongrae & Shin, Sung-chul & Chae, Eun Jung & Ouderkirk, Ryan & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2021. "Development of an alternating lift converter utilizing flow-induced oscillations to harness horizontal hydrokinetic energy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 145(C).
    2. Sun, Hai & Bernitsas, Marinos M. & Turkol, Mert, 2020. "Adaptive harnessing damping in hydrokinetic energy conversion by two rough tandem-cylinders using flow-induced vibrations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 828-860.
    3. Tamimi, V. & Esfehani, M.J. & Zeinoddini, M. & Naeeni, S.T.O. & Wu, J. & Shahvaghar-Asl, S., 2020. "Marine hydrokinetic energy harvesting performance of diamond and square oscillators in tandem arrangements," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    4. Christina Hamdan & John Allport & Azadeh Sajedin, 2021. "Piezoelectric Power Generation from the Vortex-Induced Vibrations of a Semi-Cylinder Exposed to Water Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-25, October.
    5. Mengyu Li & Christopher Bernitsas & Guo Jing & Sun Hai, 2020. "Hydrokinetic Power Conversion Using Vortex-Induced Oscillation with Cubic Restoring Force," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    6. Tamimi, V. & Esfehani, M.J. & Zeinoddini, M. & Seif, M.S. & Poncet, S., 2023. "Hydroelastic response and electromagnetic energy harvesting of square oscillators: Effects of free and fixed square wakes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    7. Lv, Yanfang & Sun, Liping & Bernitsas, Michael M. & Sun, Hai, 2021. "A comprehensive review of nonlinear oscillators in hydrokinetic energy harnessing using flow-induced vibrations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    8. Zhang, Baoshou & Mao, Zhaoyong & Wang, Liang & Fu, Song & Ding, Wenjun, 2021. "A novel V-shaped layout method for VIV hydrokinetic energy converters inspired by geese flying in a V-Formation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    9. Zhang, Baoshou & Li, Boyang & Fu, Song & Mao, Zhaoyong & Ding, Wenjun, 2022. "Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) hydrokinetic energy harvesting based on nonlinear damping," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1050-1063.
    10. Park, Hongrae & Mentzelopoulos, Andreas P. & Bernitsas, Michael M., 2023. "Hydrokinetic energy harvesting from slow currents using flow-induced oscillations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C), pages 242-254.
    11. Rashki, M.R. & Hejazi, K. & Tamimi, V. & Zeinoddini, M. & Bagherpour, P. & Aalami Harandi, M.M., 2023. "Electromagnetic energy harvesting from 2DOF-VIV of circular oscillators: Impacts of soft marine fouling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    12. Tamimi, V. & Wu, J. & Naeeni, S.T.O. & Shahvaghar-Asl, S., 2021. "Effects of dissimilar wakes on energy harvesting of Flow Induced Vibration (FIV) based converters with circular oscillator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    13. Zhang, Baoshou & Li, Boyang & Fu, Song & Ding, Wenjun & Mao, Zhaoyong, 2022. "Experimental investigation of the effect of high damping on the VIV energy converter near the free surface," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    14. Zheng, Mingrui & Han, Dong & Peng, Tao & Wang, Jincheng & Gao, Sijie & He, Weifeng & Li, Shirui & Zhou, Tianhao, 2022. "Numerical investigation on flow induced vibration performance of flow-around structures with different angles of attack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).

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