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Process design and economic optimization of boil-off-gas re-liquefaction systems for LNG carriers

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  • Kim, Donghoi
  • Hwang, Chulmin
  • Gundersen, Truls
  • Lim, Youngsub

Abstract

Recent LNG carriers are equipped with high pressure gas injection engines. However, there has been a lack of research on liquefaction processes for boil-off gas (BOG) on LNG ships driven by high pressure fuel. Thus, this paper investigates the economic feasibility of the additional BOG liquefaction facilities in the high pressure fuel supply system on the vessels. To utilize the existing BOG compressor for fuel production, the liquefaction was conducted by the Joule Thomson (JT) cycle, which can use the pressurized BOG as a working fluid. For the comparison of the fuel supply system and its variations with BOG liquefaction, they are optimized with respect to total annual cost (TAC) as the objective function. With an LNG price of 5 USD/MMBtu, the optimization results show that the use of BOG liquefiers on LNG vessels reduces the TAC by at least 9.4% compared to the high pressure fuel supply system. The use of a liquid turbine in the liquefaction configurations also resulted in 2.4% savings in TAC compared to the JT cycle based process. However, a sensitivity analysis with different LNG prices indicates that the liquefaction systems are not economical compared to the fuel supply system when the LNG price is lower than 4 USD/MMBtu.

Suggested Citation

  • Kim, Donghoi & Hwang, Chulmin & Gundersen, Truls & Lim, Youngsub, 2019. "Process design and economic optimization of boil-off-gas re-liquefaction systems for LNG carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1119-1129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:173:y:2019:i:c:p:1119-1129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.098
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Jin, Chunhe & Lim, Youngsub & Xu, Xin, 2023. "Performance analysis of a boil-off gas re-liquefaction process for LNG carriers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).
    3. Minsoo Choi & Wongwan Jung & Sanghyuk Lee & Taehwan Joung & Daejun Chang, 2021. "Thermal Efficiency and Economics of a Boil-Off Hydrogen Re-Liquefaction System Considering the Energy Efficiency Design Index for Liquid Hydrogen Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-23, July.
    4. Yin, Liang & Ju, Yonglin, 2020. "Design and analysis of a process for directly Re-liquefying BOG using subcooled LNG for LNG carrier," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C).
    5. Jeon, Gyu-Mok & Park, Jong-Chun & Kim, Jae-Won & Lee, Young-Bum & Kim, Deok-Su & Kang, Dong-Eok & Lee, Sang-Beom & Lee, Sang-Won & Ryu, Min-Cheol, 2022. "Experimental and numerical investigation of change in boil-off gas and thermodynamic characteristics according to filling ratio in a C-type cryogenic liquid fuel tank," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. Soon-Kyu Hwang & Byung-Gun Jung, 2021. "A Novel Control Strategy on Stable Operation of Fuel Gas Supply System and Re-Liquefaction System for LNG Carriers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-22, December.
    7. Soobin Hyeon & Jinkwang Lee & Jungho Choi, 2022. "Evaluation of Fuel Gas Supply System for Marine Dual-Fuel Propulsion Engines Using LNG and Ammonia Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-16, August.
    8. Kochunni, Sarun Kumar & Chowdhury, Kanchan, 2020. "Use of dual pressure Claude liquefaction cycles for complete and energy-efficient reliquefaction of boil-off gas in LNG carrier ships," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    9. Ghiami, Yousef & Demir, Emrah & Van Woensel, Tom & Christiansen, Marielle & Laporte, Gilbert, 2019. "A deteriorating inventory routing problem for an inland liquefied natural gas distribution network," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 45-67.
    10. Yin, Liang & Ju, Yonglin, 2022. "Review on the design and optimization of BOG re-liquefaction process in LNG ship," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    11. Perez, Fernando & Al Ghafri, Saif Z.S. & Gallagher, Liam & Siahvashi, Arman & Ryu, Yonghee & Kim, Sungwoo & Kim, Sung Gyu & Johns, Michael L. & May, Eric F., 2021. "Measurements of boil-off gas and stratification in cryogenic liquid nitrogen with implications for the storage and transport of liquefied natural gas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    12. Lee, Jaejun & Son, Heechang & Yu, Taejong & Oh, Juyoung & Park, Min Gyun & Lim, Youngsub, 2023. "Process design of advanced LNG subcooling system combined with a mixed refrigerant cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

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