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Novel solutions for closed-loop reverse electrodialysis: Thermodynamic characterisation and perspective analysis

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  • Giacalone, F.
  • Olkis, C.
  • Santori, G.
  • Cipollina, A.
  • Brandani, S.
  • Micale, G.

Abstract

Closed-loop Reverse Electrodialysis is a novel technology to directly convert low-grade heat into electricity. It consists of a reverse electrodialysis (RED) unit where electricity is produced exploiting the salinity gradient between two salt-water solutions, coupled with a regeneration unit where waste-heat is used to treat the solutions exiting from the RED unit and restore their initial composition. One of the most important advantages of closed-loop systems compared to the open systems is the possibility to select ad-hoc salt solutions to achieve high efficiencies. Therefore, the properties of the salt solutions are essential to assess the performance of the energy generation and solution regeneration processes. The aim of this study is to analyse the influence of thermodynamic properties of non-conventional salt solutions (i.e. other than NaCl-aqueous solutions) and their influence on the operation of the closed-loop RED. New data for caesium and potassium acetate salts, i.e. osmotic and activity coefficients in aqueous solutions, at temperature between 20 and 90 °C are reported as a function of molality. The data are correlated using Pitzer's model, which is then used to assess the theoretical performance of the whole closed-loop RED system considering both single and multi-stage regeneration units. Results indicate that KAc, CsAc and LiCl are the most promising salts among those screened.

Suggested Citation

  • Giacalone, F. & Olkis, C. & Santori, G. & Cipollina, A. & Brandani, S. & Micale, G., 2019. "Novel solutions for closed-loop reverse electrodialysis: Thermodynamic characterisation and perspective analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 674-689.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:166:y:2019:i:c:p:674-689
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carati, A. & Marino, M. & Brogioli, D., 2015. "Thermodynamic study of a distiller-electrochemical cell system for energy production from low temperature heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P1), pages 984-993.
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    3. Tamburini, A. & Tedesco, M. & Cipollina, A. & Micale, G. & Ciofalo, M. & Papapetrou, M. & Van Baak, W. & Piacentino, A., 2017. "Reverse electrodialysis heat engine for sustainable power production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1334-1353.
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    2. Ortega-Delgado, B. & Giacalone, F. & Cipollina, A. & Papapetrou, M. & Kosmadakis, G. & Tamburini, A. & Micale, G., 2019. "Boosting the performance of a Reverse Electrodialysis – Multi-Effect Distillation Heat Engine by novel solutions and operating conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    3. Wu, Xi & Zhang, Xinjie & Xu, Shiming & Gong, Ying & Yang, Shuaishuai & Jin, Dongxu, 2021. "Performance of a reverse electrodialysis cell working with potassium acetate−methanol−water solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    4. Giacalone, F. & Papapetrou, M. & Kosmadakis, G. & Tamburini, A. & Micale, G. & Cipollina, A., 2019. "Application of reverse electrodialysis to site-specific types of saline solutions: A techno-economic assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 532-547.
    5. Tian, Hailong & Wang, Ying & Pei, Yuansheng & Crittenden, John C., 2020. "Unique applications and improvements of reverse electrodialysis: A review and outlook," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    6. Long, Rui & Zhao, Yanan & Luo, Zuoqing & Li, Lei & Liu, Zhichun & Liu, Wei, 2020. "Alternative thermal regenerative osmotic heat engines for low-grade heat harvesting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    7. Long, Rui & Zhao, Yanan & Li, Mingliang & Pan, Yao & Liu, Zhichun & Liu, Wei, 2021. "Evaluations of adsorbents and salt-methanol solutions for low-grade heat driven osmotic heat engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    8. Liu, Zijian & Lu, Ding & Guo, Hao & Zhang, Jiayu & Tao, Shen & Chen, Rundong & Chen, LingYu & Gong, Maoqiong, 2023. "Experimental study and prospect analysis of LiBr-H2O reverse electrodialysis heat engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    9. Patricia Palenzuela & Marina Micari & Bartolomé Ortega-Delgado & Francesco Giacalone & Guillermo Zaragoza & Diego-César Alarcón-Padilla & Andrea Cipollina & Alessandro Tamburini & Giorgio Micale, 2018. "Performance Analysis of a RED-MED Salinity Gradient Heat Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-23, December.
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