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Catalytic effects of ion-exchangeable K+ and Ca2+ on rice husk pyrolysis behavior and its gas–liquid–solid product properties

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  • Feng, Dongdong
  • Zhang, Yu
  • Zhao, Yijun
  • Sun, Shaozeng

Abstract

The effects of ion-exchangeable K+ and Ca2+ on rice husk pyrolysis, with a focus on the yields and properties of the gas–liquid–solid products, and their pyrolysis kinetic characteristics, were investigated by thermogravimetry/Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor. The results indicated that the pyrolysis gas and char yields increased, and the tar yield decreased, with increasing concentrations of K+/Ca2+ in the rice husks. Compared with that of 340 °C for H-form rice husks, the maximum weight loss temperature decreased by more than 25 °C for the 2.0 wt% K-loaded sample, and increased to 360 °C for the 0.2 wt% Ca-loaded one. K+ (2.0 wt%) lowered the first-order activation energy by 18 kJ/mol, and Ca2+ (<0.1 wt%) was more reactive in pyrolysis. The K+/Ca2+ ratio affected the amounts of pyrolysis gases, but not the species, and their presence increased the amount of aromatic CC structures and surface CO groups in the biochar. Catalysis with K+/Ca2+ transformed heavy pyrolysis tar compounds into small-molecule ones.

Suggested Citation

  • Feng, Dongdong & Zhang, Yu & Zhao, Yijun & Sun, Shaozeng, 2018. "Catalytic effects of ion-exchangeable K+ and Ca2+ on rice husk pyrolysis behavior and its gas–liquid–solid product properties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 166-177.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:152:y:2018:i:c:p:166-177
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.03.119
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    6. Dawei Wang & Guangbo Zhao & Chuanming Du & Dongdong Feng & Lin Wang, 2019. "Combustion Characteristics of Plant Chemical Polyol Waste Liquor in a Pilot Water-Cooled Incinerator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-18, November.
    7. Liu, Chao & Liu, Jingyong & Evrendilek, Fatih & Xie, Wuming & Kuo, Jiahong & Buyukada, Musa, 2020. "Bioenergy and emission characterizations of catalytic combustion and pyrolysis of litchi peels via TG-FTIR-MS and Py-GC/MS," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 1074-1093.
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    9. Sun, Kai & Zhang, Lijun & Xu, Qing & Zhang, Zhanming & Shao, Yuewen & Dong, Dehua & Gao, Guanggang & Liu, Qing & Wang, Shuang & Hu, Xun, 2020. "Evidence for cross-polymerization between the biomass-derived furans and phenolics," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 517-531.

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