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Plugging platforms into the wind: the innovation dynamics of Norway's offshore oil and gas electrification

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  • Mirzadeh Phirouzabadi, Amir
  • Thune, Taran Mari

Abstract

The electrification of offshore oil and gas (O&G) platforms using floating offshore wind (FOW) represents a complex decarbonisation pathway. By applying the technological innovation systems (TIS) framework, we analyse the innovation dynamics of Norway's wind-powered electrification. Our analysis, based on 31 semi-structured interviews and extensive document analysis, identifies three phases: pre-formative (2000–2016), formative (2017–2022), and stalled early growth (2023–2025). Findings reveal a cycle of experimentation and temporary niche creation that ultimately stalled. While inducement mechanisms—including a strategic shift in project framing (from global climate to local industrial benefits), regulatory workarounds (e.g., Petroleum Act adaptations), and discretionary public grants—enabled progress, blocking mechanisms prevailed. We demonstrate that the stagnation was caused not only by high capital costs, inflation, and lack of durable support instruments, but also by deeper system complementarity failures between the O&G and FOW sectors. These included regulatory misalignment between the Petroleum and Ocean Energy Acts and uncoordinated spatial and infrastructural planning, which critically weakened the quality of core TIS functions and prevented their mutual alignment. We conclude that governing wind-powered electrification demands integrated policies focused on harmonised regulations, coordinated planning, and stable, predictable support mechanisms designed to enable functional alignment within the TIS.

Suggested Citation

  • Mirzadeh Phirouzabadi, Amir & Thune, Taran Mari, 2026. "Plugging platforms into the wind: the innovation dynamics of Norway's offshore oil and gas electrification," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:208:y:2026:i:c:s0301421525004380
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114931
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