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The Application of the Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index) in Tokyo, Japan

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  • Estrada, Mario Arturo Ruiz
  • Park, Donghyun

Abstract

We introduce a new indicator of urbanization called the ”The Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index).” The GCD-Index calculation is based on the concept of city integral sustainable development platform. The platform consists of ten Main Structures, which are (i) Main Structure-1: Economic and Finance (production and consumption of goods and services, income distribution, savings ratio, public and private investment, inflation, and banking); (ii) Main Structure-2: Social (social protection coverage); (iii) Main Structure-3: Politics and Law, (iv) Main Structure-4: Technological; (v) Main Structure-5: Environment; (vi) Main Structure-6: Population (labor, education and training, immigration and migration, and unemployment); (vii) Main Structure-7: Infrastructure and Housing (real estate prices and transactions); (viii) Main Structure-8: Income and Poverty in formal and informal sectors; (ix) Main Structure-9: Public Sector (public transportation, security, health, welfare programs, and taxation); (x) Main Structure-10: Others (historical, customs, habits, religion, values, and anthropological). The objective of the GCD-Index is to offer policymakers a new analytical tool to assess urban development from a multidimensional perspective. The GCD-Index is a flexible and straightforward indicator that can be applied to analyze the development of any city. We apply the GCD-Index to study the development of Tokyo, Japan, between 2000 and 2019 to provide a sense of how the index can be used to assess the progress of integrated and sustainable urban development in a megacity.

Suggested Citation

  • Estrada, Mario Arturo Ruiz & Park, Donghyun, 2019. "The Application of the Gross City Development Index (GCD-Index) in Tokyo, Japan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 37-46.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:62:y:2019:i:c:p:37-46
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2018.12.002
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kravis, Irving B & Heston, Alan W & Summers, Robert, 1978. "Real GDP per Capita for More Than One Hundred Countries," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 88(350), pages 215-242, June.
    2. Ruiz Estrada, Mario Arturo & Park, Donghyun, 2018. "The past, present and future of policy modeling," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 1-15.
    3. Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada, 2017. "An alternative graphical modeling for economics: Econographicology," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 2115-2139, September.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Bingqi & Nozawa, Wataru & Managi, Shunsuke, 2021. "Spatial inequality of inclusive wealth in China and Japan," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 164-179.

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    JEL classification:

    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O10 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - General

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