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Neighbourhood differences in the rates of criminal cautions and convictions for children in the care system

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  • Leyland, A.
  • Webb, C.J.R
  • Bennett, M.R.
  • Hughes, N.

Abstract

The disproportionate criminalisation of children in the care system is well-recognised globally. The likelihood of this criminalisation is influenced by place-based differences in the practices of child welfare and criminal justice services. Administrative data for a cohort of children in England (N = 1,708,570) was analysed at the level of the local authority (n = 152). The present study reports that for children across tiers of the child welfare service (e.g., out of home placements or supported at home by a social worker) there was substantial variation between local authorities in the rates of criminal cautions or convictions such that some local authorities had rates that were up to three times greater than other authorities. This difference was found after adjusting for the local authority conviction rate in the general population and the deprivation rate. There is an urgent need to address this inequity through better understanding of what underpins these differences and from the sharing of best practices to improve outcomes for our most vulnerable children.

Suggested Citation

  • Leyland, A. & Webb, C.J.R & Bennett, M.R. & Hughes, N., 2025. "Neighbourhood differences in the rates of criminal cautions and convictions for children in the care system," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:172:y:2025:i:c:s0190740925001264
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108243
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Anthony Braga & Andrew Papachristos & David Hureau, 2012. "Hot spots policing effects on crime," Campbell Systematic Reviews, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(1), pages 1-96.
    2. Baidawi, Susan & Sheehan, Rosemary & Flynn, Catherine, 2020. "Criminal exploitation of child protection-involved youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    3. Cutuli, J.J. & Goerge, Robert M. & Coulton, Claudia & Schretzman, Maryanne & Crampton, David & Charvat, Benjamin J. & Lalich, Nina & Raithel, JessicaA. & Gacitua, Cristobal & Lee, Eun Lye, 2016. "From foster care to juvenile justice: Exploring characteristics of youth in three cities," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 84-94.
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