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Independent and cumulative impacts of adverse childhood experiences on adolescent subgroups of anxiety and depression

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  • Kim, Isak
  • Galván, Angélica
  • Kim, Nayoung

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the independent and cumulative impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on the subgroups of anxiety and depression among 12–17 aged adolescents in the U.S. A sample of 21,496 cases was derived from the 2017–2018 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Four adolescent subgroups were identified depending on their mental health condition: Anxiety-only (7.2%), Depression-only (1.5%), Anxiety-Depression (6.3%), and None (85.0%). All sociodemographic characteristics such as sex, age, race/ethnicity, and family structure had significant associations with the subgroups. Two multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the independent and cumulative effects of ACEs on the subgroups. The findings suggested having a family member with severe mental illness showed the strongest relationship with the development of anxiety, depression, and both. A dose–response relationship was found between cumulative ACEs and the subgroups, with Anxiety-Depression as the most prevalent group when adolescents had multiple ACEs. Implications for service providers and future research are discussed.

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  • Kim, Isak & Galván, Angélica & Kim, Nayoung, 2021. "Independent and cumulative impacts of adverse childhood experiences on adolescent subgroups of anxiety and depression," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:122:y:2021:i:c:s0190740920323070
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105885
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Hye Yeon & Kim, Isak & Nam, Sojeong & Jeong, Jeongwoon, 2020. "Adverse childhood experiences and the associations with depression and anxiety in adolescents," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    2. Metzler, Marilyn & Merrick, Melissa T. & Klevens, Joanne & Ports, Katie A. & Ford, Derek C., 2017. "Adverse childhood experiences and life opportunities: Shifting the narrative," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 141-149.
    3. Lubhana Malik Mental, 2019. "Mental Health in Adolescents," Global Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities, Juniper Publishers Inc., vol. 6(3), pages 45-46, March.
    4. Kristin Anderson Moore & Alysha Ramirez, 2016. "Adverse Childhood Experience and Adolescent Well-being: Do Protective Factors Matter?," Child Indicators Research, Springer;The International Society of Child Indicators (ISCI), vol. 9(2), pages 299-316, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiang, Guo-Xing & Gan, Xiong, 2022. "The cumulative effects of developmental assets on self-control during adolescence: A short-term longitudinal study," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    2. Jones, Melissa S. & Pierce, Hayley & Shafer, Kevin, 2022. "Gender differences in early adverse childhood experiences and youth psychological distress," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    3. Ilma Jahic & Chad R. Trulson & Jonathan W. Caudill & Taea Bonner & Alexandra Slemaker & Matt DeLisi, 2021. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Forensic Typologies: Getting Specific about Trauma among Institutionalized Youth," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-11, October.

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