IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v92y2012icp147-161.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A review of on-chip micro-evaporation: Experimental evaluation of liquid pumping and vapor compression driven cooling systems and control

Author

Listed:
  • Marcinichen, Jackson Braz
  • Olivier, Jonathan A.
  • Oliveira, Vinicius de
  • Thome, John R.

Abstract

Thermal designers of data centers and server manufacturers are showing a greater concern regarding the cooling of the new generation data centers, which consume considerably more electricity and dissipate much more waste heat, a situation that is creating a re-thinking about the most effective cooling systems for the future beyond conventional air cooling of the chips/servers. A potential significantly better solution is to make use of on-chip two-phase cooling, which, besides improving the cooling performance at the chip level, also adds the capability to reuse the waste heat in a convenient manner, since higher evaporating and condensing temperatures of the two-phase cooling system (from 60 to 95°C) are possible with such a new “green” cooling technology. In the present project, two such two-phase cooling cycles using micro-evaporation technology were experimentally evaluated with specific attention being paid to (i) controllability of the two-phase cooling system, (ii) energy consumption and (iii) overall exergetic efficiency. The controllers were evaluated by tracking and disturbance rejection tests, which were shown to be efficient and effective. The average temperatures of the chips were maintained below the limit of 85°C for all tests evaluated in steady state and transient conditions. In general, simple SISO strategies were sufficient to attain the requirements of control. Regarding energy and exergy analyses, the experimental results showed that both systems can be thermodynamically improved since only about 10% of the exergy supplied is in fact recovered in the condenser in the present setup.

Suggested Citation

  • Marcinichen, Jackson Braz & Olivier, Jonathan A. & Oliveira, Vinicius de & Thome, John R., 2012. "A review of on-chip micro-evaporation: Experimental evaluation of liquid pumping and vapor compression driven cooling systems and control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 147-161.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:92:y:2012:i:c:p:147-161
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.030
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261911006842
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.10.030?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rosen, Marc A. & Dincer, Ibrahim & Kanoglu, Mehmet, 2008. "Role of exergy in increasing efficiency and sustainability and reducing environmental impact," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 128-137, January.
    2. Hermes, Christian J.L. & Melo, Cláudio & Knabben, Fernando T. & Gonçalves, Joaquim M., 2009. "Prediction of the energy consumption of household refrigerators and freezers via steady-state simulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1311-1319, July.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Habibi Khalaj, Ali & Abdulla, Khalid & Halgamuge, Saman K., 2018. "Towards the stand-alone operation of data centers with free cooling and optimally sized hybrid renewable power generation and energy storage," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 451-472.
    2. Xin, Fei & Ma, Ting & Wang, Qiuwang, 2018. "Thermal performance analysis of flat heat pipe with graded mini-grooves wick," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 2129-2139.
    3. Sharma, Chander Shekhar & Tiwari, Manish K. & Zimmermann, Severin & Brunschwiler, Thomas & Schlottig, Gerd & Michel, Bruno & Poulikakos, Dimos, 2015. "Energy efficient hotspot-targeted embedded liquid cooling of electronics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 414-422.
    4. Zhang, Penglei & Wang, Baolong & Shi, Wenxing & Li, Xianting, 2015. "Experimental investigation on two-phase thermosyphon loop with partially liquid-filled downcomer," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 10-17.
    5. Pollock, Daniel T. & Yang, Zehao & Wen, John T., 2015. "Dryout avoidance control for multi-evaporator vapor compression cycle cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 266-285.
    6. Zhang, Shiwei & Chen, Jieling & Sun, Yalong & Li, Jie & Zeng, Jian & Yuan, Wei & Tang, Yong, 2019. "Experimental study on the thermal performance of a novel ultra-thin aluminum flat heat pipe," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 1133-1143.
    7. Jagirdar, Mrinal & Lee, Poh Seng, 2017. "A diagnostic tool for detection of flow-regimes in a microchannel using transient wall temperature signal," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P2), pages 2232-2244.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Alvin Kiprono Bett & Saeid Jalilinasrabady, 2021. "Optimization of ORC Power Plants for Geothermal Application in Kenya by Combining Exergy and Pinch Point Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    2. L. Hay & A. H. B. Duffy & R. I. Whitfield, 2017. "The S‐Cycle Performance Matrix: Supporting Comprehensive Sustainability Performance Evaluation of Technical Systems," Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(1), pages 45-70, January.
    3. Kashyap, Sarvesh & Sarkar, Jahar & Kumar, Amitesh, 2021. "Performance enhancement of regenerative evaporative cooler by surface alterations and using ternary hybrid nanofluids," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    4. Raúl Arango-Miranda & Robert Hausler & Rabindranarth Romero-López & Mathias Glaus & Sara Patricia Ibarra-Zavaleta, 2018. "An Overview of Energy and Exergy Analysis to the Industrial Sector, a Contribution to Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, January.
    5. Ziya Sogut, M., 2021. "New approach for assessment of environmental effects based on entropy optimization of jet engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    6. van der Kroon, Bianca & Brouwer, Roy & van Beukering, Pieter J.H., 2013. "The energy ladder: Theoretical myth or empirical truth? Results from a meta-analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 504-513.
    7. Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2010. "Theoretical efficiency limits for energy conversion devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2059-2069.
    8. Maia, Cristiana Brasil & Ferreira, André Guimarães & Cabezas-Gómez, Luben & de Oliveira Castro Silva, Janaína & de Morais Hanriot, Sérgio, 2017. "Thermodynamic analysis of the drying process of bananas in a small-scale solar updraft tower in Brazil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 1005-1012.
    9. Maryam Ghodrat & Bijan Samali & Muhammad Akbar Rhamdhani & Geoffrey Brooks, 2019. "Thermodynamic-Based Exergy Analysis of Precious Metal Recovery out of Waste Printed Circuit Board through Black Copper Smelting Process," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-20, April.
    10. He, Yueer & Liu, Meng & Kvan, Thomas & Yan, Lu, 2019. "A quantity-quality-based optimization method for indoor thermal environment design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1261-1278.
    11. Bardees Al Hawawsheh, 2020. "€Œthe Impact Of Project Managers’ Soft Skills On Project Management Performance In Jordan†A Literature Review," Noble International Journal of Business and Management Research, Noble Academic Publsiher, vol. 4(3), pages 20-25, March.
    12. Soltanian, Salman & Kalogirou, Soteris A. & Ranjbari, Meisam & Amiri, Hamid & Mahian, Omid & Khoshnevisan, Benyamin & Jafary, Tahereh & Nizami, Abdul-Sattar & Gupta, Vijai Kumar & Aghaei, Siavash & Pe, 2022. "Exergetic sustainability analysis of municipal solid waste treatment systems: A systematic critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    13. Baskut, Omer & Ozgener, Onder & Ozgener, Leyla, 2010. "Effects of meteorological variables on exergetic efficiency of wind turbine power plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(9), pages 3237-3241, December.
    14. Miladi, Rihab & Frikha, Nader & Gabsi, Slimane, 2017. "Exergy analysis of a solar-powered vacuum membrane distillation unit using two models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 872-883.
    15. Rezaei, M. & Anisur, M.R. & Mahfuz, M.H. & Kibria, M.A. & Saidur, R. & Metselaar, I.H.S.C., 2013. "Performance and cost analysis of phase change materials with different melting temperatures in heating systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 173-178.
    16. Hepbasli, Arif & Alsuhaibani, Zeyad, 2011. "Exergetic and exergoeconomic aspects of wind energy systems in achieving sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(6), pages 2810-2825, August.
    17. Qureshi, Bilal A. & Inam, Muhammad & Antar, Mohamed A. & Zubair, Syed M., 2013. "Experimental energetic analysis of a vapor compression refrigeration system with dedicated mechanical sub-cooling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 1035-1041.
    18. Ndukwu, M.C. & Bennamoun, L. & Abam, F.I. & Eke, A.B. & Ukoha, D., 2017. "Energy and exergy analysis of a solar dryer integrated with sodium sulfate decahydrate and sodium chloride as thermal storage medium," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1182-1192.
    19. Grubbström, Robert W., 2015. "On the true value of resource consumption when using energy in industrial and other processes," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 170(PB), pages 377-384.
    20. Ahbabi Saray, Jabraeil & Heyhat, Mohammad Mahdi, 2022. "Modeling of a direct absorption parabolic trough collector based on using nanofluid: 4E assessment and water-energy nexus analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:92:y:2012:i:c:p:147-161. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.