Hybrid charging infrastructure for electric vehicles: A comprehensive review and avenues for future research

Electric Vehicles offer significant environmental benefits, but their reliance on the existing power grid raises concerns about increased demand, potential strain on existing energy systems and carbon emissions, particularly if the grid is heavily reliant on fossil fuel-based sources. Hence, it is imperative to integrate grid-charging stations with renewable energy sources, which is termed as hybrid charging infrastructure. This combines the stability and reliability of the grid with the sustainability and environmental benefits of renewable energy, offering a promising solution to the challenges associated with EV adoption. To understand the current state of developments, challenges and opportunities in the planning and designing of HCI for EVs, we undertake a comprehensive review of existing studies on HCI. We investigate the nature of the problems addressed, their modelling approaches, objectives, constraints, decisions to be made, and the solution methodology adopted. Based on the review, we identify key opportunities and future directions for modelling HCI. Furthermore, we suggest ways for practical implementation with managerial relevance, deriving insights from case studies, and discussing pathways for strategic implementation of HCI. We also suggest that future research should focus on optimising charging strategies, data security, and addressing economic and policy challenges.