IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v393y2025ics0306261925008335.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Simulation and performance optimization of a novel hybrid CCHP system based on the prime movers of internal combustion engine and Stirling engine

Author

Listed:
  • Sheykhi, Mohammad
  • Mehregan, Mahmood
  • Ghorbani, Saeed
  • Emamian, Amin
  • Kayhani, Mohammad Hassan
  • Delouei, Amin Amiri
  • Kharazmi, Shahabodin
  • Sheykhian, Mohammad Kazem
  • Zhu, Shunmin

Abstract

Combined cooling, heating, and power systems (CCHP) could increase the efficiency of conventional energy supply systems and mitigate carbon emissions. In this paper, a novel arrangement of a combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) system is presented with prime movers of internal combustion and Stirling engines, which are numerically simulated by Range-Kutta method and optimized with the genetic algorithm technique. The influence of some key parameters such as Stirling engine speed, phase angle, length and porosity of Stirling engine's regenerator, and also speed and spark timing of the internal combustion engine, on the capacity, efficiency, primary energy saving and the investment payback period of the CCHP system has been discussed. The results illustrated that using the CCHP system with hybrid prime movers, due to the appropriate efficiency of the combustion engine, allows the Stirling engine to be started at high speeds. In this condition, the overall efficiency of the hybrid system is increased by 12 % compared to using the CCHP system with only the Stirling engine. Additionally, the payback period of the CCHP system with combined prime movers at 3500 rpm for the two engines is approximately 4.4 years, which is about 1.6 years shorter than the payback period of the CCHP system based solely on the internal combustion engine. This work provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of hybrid CCHP systems with two different combustion-based prime movers.

Suggested Citation

  • Sheykhi, Mohammad & Mehregan, Mahmood & Ghorbani, Saeed & Emamian, Amin & Kayhani, Mohammad Hassan & Delouei, Amin Amiri & Kharazmi, Shahabodin & Sheykhian, Mohammad Kazem & Zhu, Shunmin, 2025. "Simulation and performance optimization of a novel hybrid CCHP system based on the prime movers of internal combustion engine and Stirling engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 393(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:393:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925008335
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126103
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925008335
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.126103?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chicco, Gianfranco & Mancarella, Pierluigi, 2008. "Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part I: Models and indicators," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 410-417.
    2. Chahartaghi, Mahmood & Sheykhi, Mohammad, 2019. "Energy, environmental and economic evaluations of a CCHP system driven by Stirling engine with helium and hydrogen as working gases," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1251-1266.
    3. Liu, Mingxi & Shi, Yang & Fang, Fang, 2013. "Optimal power flow and PGU capacity of CCHP systems using a matrix modeling approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 794-802.
    4. Sheykhi, Mohammad & Chahartaghi, Mahmood & Safaei Pirooz, Amir Ali & Flay, Richard G.J., 2020. "Investigation of the effects of operating parameters of an internal combustion engine on the performance and fuel consumption of a CCHP system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    5. Chicco, Gianfranco & Mancarella, Pierluigi, 2007. "Trigeneration primary energy saving evaluation for energy planning and policy development," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 6132-6144, December.
    6. Yun, Kyung Tae & Cho, Heejin & Luck, Rogelio & Mago, Pedro J., 2013. "Modeling of reciprocating internal combustion engines for power generation and heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 327-335.
    7. Rahmati, A. & Varedi-Koulaei, S.M. & Ahmadi, M.H. & Ahmadi, H., 2022. "Dynamic synthesis of the alpha-type stirling engine based on reducing the output velocity fluctuations using Metaheuristic algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    8. Ahmed, Fawad & Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Luo, Ercang, 2022. "A potent numerical model coupled with multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm for the optimal design of Stirling engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    9. Puig-Arnavat, Maria & Bruno, Joan Carles & Coronas, Alberto, 2014. "Modeling of trigeneration configurations based on biomass gasification and comparison of performance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 845-856.
    10. Timoumi, Youssef & Tlili, Iskander & Ben Nasrallah, Sassi, 2008. "Design and performance optimization of GPU-3 Stirling engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(7), pages 1100-1114.
    11. Meybodi, Mehdi Aghaei & Behnia, Masud, 2011. "Impact of carbon tax on internal combustion engine size selection in a medium scale CHP system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 5153-5163.
    12. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Ma, Ying & Cheng, Yangbin & Wang, Yalei & Yu, Shaofei & Wu, Zhanghua & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2019. "A free-piston Stirling generator integrated with a parabolic trough collector for thermal-to-electric conversion of solar energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1248-1258.
    13. Al Moussawi, Houssein & Fardoun, Farouk & Louahlia, Hasna, 2017. "Selection based on differences between cogeneration and trigeneration in various prime mover technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 491-511.
    14. Szwaja, Magdalena & Chwist, Mariusz & Szymanek, Arkadiusz & Szwaja, Stanisław, 2022. "Pyrolysis oil blended n-butanol as a fuel for power generation by an internal combustion engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    15. Erol, Derviş & Yaman, Hayri & Doğan, Battal, 2017. "A review development of rhombic drive mechanism used in the Stirling engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 1044-1067.
    16. Sanaye, Sepehr & Chahartaghi, Mahmood, 2010. "Thermal modeling and operating tests for the gas engine-driven heat pump systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 351-363.
    17. Cho, Heejin & Smith, Amanda D. & Mago, Pedro, 2014. "Combined cooling, heating and power: A review of performance improvement and optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 168-185.
    18. Ni, Mingjiang & Shi, Bingwei & Xiao, Gang & Peng, Hao & Sultan, Umair & Wang, Shurong & Luo, Zhongyang & Cen, Kefa, 2016. "Improved Simple Analytical Model and experimental study of a 100W β-type Stirling engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 768-787.
    19. Mancarella, Pierluigi & Chicco, Gianfranco, 2008. "Assessment of the greenhouse gas emissions from cogeneration and trigeneration systems. Part II: Analysis techniques and application cases," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 418-430.
    20. Skorek-Osikowska, Anna & Remiorz, Leszek & Bartela, Łukasz & Kotowicz, Janusz, 2017. "Potential for the use of micro-cogeneration prosumer systems based on the Stirling engine with an example in the Polish market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 46-61.
    21. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Liang, Kun & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2021. "A review of Stirling-engine-based combined heat and power technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    22. Zheng, C.Y. & Wu, J.Y. & Zhai, X.Q. & Yang, G. & Wang, R.Z., 2016. "Experimental and modeling investigation of an ICE (internal combustion engine) based micro-cogeneration device considering overheat protection controls," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 447-461.
    23. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & O, Jongmin & Xu, Tao & Wu, Zhanghua & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2018. "Modeling and experimental investigation of a free-piston Stirling engine-based micro-combined heat and power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 522-533.
    24. Wang, Jiangjiang & Han, Zepeng & Guan, Zhimin, 2020. "Hybrid solar-assisted combined cooling, heating, and power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sheykhi, Mohammad & Chahartaghi, Mahmood & Safaei Pirooz, Amir Ali & Flay, Richard G.J., 2020. "Investigation of the effects of operating parameters of an internal combustion engine on the performance and fuel consumption of a CCHP system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    2. Chahartaghi, Mahmood & Sheykhi, Mohammad, 2019. "Energy, environmental and economic evaluations of a CCHP system driven by Stirling engine with helium and hydrogen as working gases," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1251-1266.
    3. Xin, Feng & Xu, Bowen & Dai, Dongdong & Liu, Wei & Liu, Zhichun, 2024. "Evaluation of heat transfer enhancement effect at the hot/cold end of a Stirling engine using performance improvement factor," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    4. Carmela Perozziello & Lavinia Grosu & Bianca Maria Vaglieco, 2021. "Free-Piston Stirling Engine Technologies and Models: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, October.
    5. Lizhi Zhang & Fan Li & Bo Sun & Chenghui Zhang, 2019. "Integrated Optimization Design of Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power System Coupled with Solar and Biomass Energy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Jradi, M. & Riffat, S., 2014. "Tri-generation systems: Energy policies, prime movers, cooling technologies, configurations and operation strategies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 396-415.
    7. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Liang, Kun & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2021. "A review of Stirling-engine-based combined heat and power technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    8. Cho, Heejin & Smith, Amanda D. & Mago, Pedro, 2014. "Combined cooling, heating and power: A review of performance improvement and optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 168-185.
    9. Jiang-Jiang, Wang & Chun-Fa, Zhang & You-Yin, Jing, 2010. "Multi-criteria analysis of combined cooling, heating and power systems in different climate zones in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1247-1259, April.
    10. Jing, Rui & Wang, Meng & Brandon, Nigel & Zhao, Yingru, 2017. "Multi-criteria evaluation of solid oxide fuel cell based combined cooling heating and power (SOFC-CCHP) applications for public buildings in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 273-289.
    11. İncili, Veysel & Karaca Dolgun, Gülşah & Keçebaş, Ali & Ural, Tolga, 2023. "Energy and exergy analyses of a coal-fired micro-CHP system coupled engine as a domestic solution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    12. Ren, Fukang & Lin, Xiaozhen & Wei, Ziqing & Zhai, Xiaoqiang & Yang, Jianrong, 2022. "A novel planning method for design and dispatch of hybrid energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    13. Miao Li & Hailin Mu & Huanan Li, 2013. "Analysis and Assessments of Combined Cooling, Heating and Power Systems in Various Operation Modes for a Building in China, Dalian," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-22, May.
    14. Solmaz, Hamit & Safieddin Ardebili, Seyed Mohammad & Aksoy, Fatih & Calam, Alper & Yılmaz, Emre & Arslan, Muhammed, 2020. "Optimization of the operating conditions of a beta-type rhombic drive stirling engine by using response surface method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 198(C).
    15. Ren, Fukang & Wei, Ziqing & Zhai, Xiaoqiang, 2022. "A review on the integration and optimization of distributed energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    16. Wang, Jiang-Jiang & Jing, You-Yin & Zhang, Chun-Fa & Zhai, Zhiqiang (John), 2011. "Performance comparison of combined cooling heating and power system in different operation modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4621-4631.
    17. Zhang, Jian & Cho, Heejin & Knizley, Alta, 2016. "Evaluation of financial incentives for combined heat and power (CHP) systems in U.S. regions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 738-762.
    18. Erol, Derviş, 2024. "An experimental comparative study of the effects on the engine performance of using three different motion mechanisms in a beta-configuration Stirling engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    19. Montazerinejad, H. & Eicker, U., 2022. "Recent development of heat and power generation using renewable fuels: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    20. Jannelli, E. & Minutillo, M. & Cozzolino, R. & Falcucci, G., 2014. "Thermodynamic performance assessment of a small size CCHP (combined cooling heating and power) system with numerical models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 240-249.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:393:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925008335. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.