IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v388y2025ics0306261925003824.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Two-stage stochastic micro-market model for isolated microgrids considering PEVs traffic flow

Author

Listed:
  • Abedi, Tohid
  • Alavi-Eshkaftaki, Amin
  • Zandrazavi, Seyed Farhad
  • Shafie-khah, Miadreza

Abstract

The growing adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and developments of renewable energy resources (RES) in isolated microgrids (IMGs) pose various challenges to these networks. To cope with the operational problems of IMGs in the presence of PEVs, this paper proposes a comprehensive market-based energy management system (EMS), called micro-market (μM), incorporating different participants and PEVs traffic flow. The proposed model considers both vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) modes with different traffic behavior of parking lots (PLs) and charging stations (CSs) in an IMG market environment (including uniform electricity pricing and unit commitment). Establishing a bidirectional linearized AC (BLAC) power flow enables the μM to efficiently schedule the joint active-reactive power of all participants and provide local energy trading conditions. Moreover, the developed μM schedules the cost of joint up/downward active-reactive reserve power effectively, ensuring the IMG will be operated securely. The suggested model is a two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming (MILP), with the objective of maximizing social welfare (SW) for the upcoming day. The introduced model's efficacy is assessed by testing the μM in an IMG on the CIGRE medium-voltage benchmark, considering three different operational cases. The results reveal that incorporating PEVs traffic flow into the μM model increases SW by 3.7 %. However, adding battery degradation costs, while causing a 3 % reduction in the objective function, significantly enhances the model's practicality by meeting IMGs real-world operational requirements. Overall, the results verified the ability of the proposed model to address different operational challenges while the PEV owners' preferences are satisfied and secure operation is ensured.

Suggested Citation

  • Abedi, Tohid & Alavi-Eshkaftaki, Amin & Zandrazavi, Seyed Farhad & Shafie-khah, Miadreza, 2025. "Two-stage stochastic micro-market model for isolated microgrids considering PEVs traffic flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 388(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:388:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925003824
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125652
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261925003824
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2025.125652?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to

    for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. MansourLakouraj, Mohammad & Shahabi, Majid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2022. "Optimal market-based operation of microgrid with the integration of wind turbines, energy storage system and demand response resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    2. MansourLakouraj, Mohammad & Shahabi, Majid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Ghoreishi, Niloofar & Catalão, João P.S., 2020. "Optimal power management of dependent microgrid considering distribution market and unused power capacity," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    3. Jani, Ali & Jadid, Shahram, 2023. "Two-stage energy scheduling framework for multi-microgrid system in market environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    4. Doumen, Sjoerd C. & Nguyen, Phuong & Kok, Koen, 2022. "Challenges for large-scale Local Electricity Market implementation reviewed from the stakeholder perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 165(C).
    5. Jafari, Amirreza & Ganjeh Ganjehlou, Hamed & Khalili, Tohid & Bidram, Ali, 2020. "A fair electricity market strategy for energy management and reliability enhancement of islanded multi-microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    6. Zandrazavi, Seyed Farhad & Guzman, Cindy Paola & Pozos, Alejandra Tabares & Quiros-Tortos, Jairo & Franco, John Fredy, 2022. "Stochastic multi-objective optimal energy management of grid-connected unbalanced microgrids with renewable energy generation and plug-in electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    7. Fathy, Ahmed, 2023. "Bald eagle search optimizer-based energy management strategy for microgrid with renewable sources and electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    8. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Guinjoan, Francesc, 2024. "Simple fuzzy logic-based energy management for power exchange in isolated multi-microgrid systems: A case study in a remote community in the Amazon region of Ecuador," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    9. Tan, Bifei & Chen, Simin & Liang, Zipeng & Zheng, Xiaodong & Zhu, Yanjin & Chen, Haoyong, 2024. "An iteration-free hierarchical method for the energy management of multiple-microgrid systems with renewable energy sources and electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Elimam, Mohamed & El Moursi, Mohamed Shawki & EL-Fouly, Tarek H.M. & Al-Durra, Ahmed & Al Hosani, Khalifa Hassan, 2025. "Transactive energy trading among multi-microgrids in a distribution network with fair loss sharing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    2. Ezenwa Udoha & Saptarshi Das & Mohammad Abusara, 2024. "Centralised Control and Energy Management of Multiple Interconnected Standalone AC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-26, October.
    3. Luiz Almeida & Ana Soares & Pedro Moura, 2023. "A Systematic Review of Optimization Approaches for the Integration of Electric Vehicles in Public Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-26, June.
    4. Tan, Bifei & Lin, Zhenjia & Zheng, Xiaodong & Xiao, Fu & Wu, Qiuwei & Yan, Jinyue, 2023. "Distributionally robust energy management for multi-microgrids with grid-interactive EVs considering the multi-period coupling effect of user behaviors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).
    5. Natascia Andrenacci & Antonino Genovese & Giancarlo Giuli, 2025. "Strategies for Workplace EV Charging Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-32, January.
    6. Li, He & Wang, Pengyu & Fang, Debin, 2024. "Differentiated pricing for the retail electricity provider optimizing demand response to renewable energy fluctuations," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    7. Ma, Changwei & Dong, Wei & Shi, Yongtao & Zhang, Fan & Yang, Qiang, 2025. "A fuzzy logic dispatching method based on model predictive control for adaptively addressing uncertain operation scenarios in multi-energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    8. Valencia-Díaz, Alejandro & Toro, Eliana M. & Hincapié, Ricardo A., 2025. "Optimal planning and management of the energy–water–carbon nexus in hybrid AC/DC microgrids for sustainable development of remote communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
    9. Fathy, Ahmed & Ferahtia, Seydali & Rezk, Hegazy & Yousri, Dalia & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Olabi, A.G., 2022. "Optimal adaptive fuzzy management strategy for fuel cell-based DC microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C).
    10. Aguado, José A. & Paredes, Ángel, 2023. "Coordinated and decentralized trading of flexibility products in Inter-DSO Local Electricity Markets via ADMM," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).
    11. Chen, Yujia & Pei, Wei & Ma, Tengfei & Xiao, Hao, 2023. "Asymmetric Nash bargaining model for peer-to-peer energy transactions combined with shared energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PB).
    12. Yang, Kang & Li, Chunhua & Jing, Xu & Zhu, Zhiyu & Wang, Yuting & Ma, Haodong & Zhang, Yu, 2022. "Energy dispatch optimization of islanded multi-microgrids based on symbiotic organisms search and improved multi-agent consensus algorithm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PC).
    13. Xu, Jiazhu & Yi, Yuqin, 2023. "Multi-microgrid low-carbon economy operation strategy considering both source and load uncertainty: A Nash bargaining approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    14. Zhang, Jing & Hu, Sijia & Zhang, Zhiwen & Li, Yong & Lin, Jinjie & Wu, Jinbo & Gong, Yusheng & He, Li, 2023. "An adaptive frequency regulation strategy with high renewable energy participating level for isolated microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 683-698.
    15. Yin, S. & Wang, J. & Li, Z. & Fang, X., 2021. "State-of-the-art short-term electricity market operation with solar generation: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    16. Fang, Xin & Cui, Hantao & Du, Ershun & Li, Fangxing & Kang, Chongqing, 2021. "Characteristics of locational uncertainty marginal price for correlated uncertainties of variable renewable generation and demands," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    17. Bio Gassi, Karim & Baysal, Mustafa, 2023. "Improving real-time energy decision-making model with an actor-critic agent in modern microgrids with energy storage devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    18. Jingang Han & Shiwei Lin & Boyu Pu, 2024. "Hierarchical Energy Management of DC Microgrid with Photovoltaic Power Generation and Energy Storage for 5G Base Station," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    19. Dynge, Marthe Fogstad & Cali, Umit, 2025. "Distributive energy justice in local electricity markets: Assessing the performance of fairness indicators," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 384(C).
    20. MansourLakouraj, Mohammad & Shahabi, Majid & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2022. "Optimal market-based operation of microgrid with the integration of wind turbines, energy storage system and demand response resources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;
    ;

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:388:y:2025:i:c:s0306261925003824. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.