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Amplify: Multi-purpose flexibility model to pool battery energy storage systems

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  • Tiemann, Paul Hendrik
  • Nebel-Wenner, Marvin
  • Holly, Stefanie
  • Frost, Emilie
  • Nieße, Astrid

Abstract

The multi-purpose usage of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) increases the exploitation of their flexibility potential. This can be further enhanced when numerous small BESSs are combined into a swarm and marketed collectively by an aggregator. To this end, a unified representation of remaining flexibility for each BESS is needed that meets the requirements of both, a multi-purpose usage and a distributed swarm design. In this work, we present a compact model called Amplify (for abstract multi-purpose-limited flexibility). It can be used by BESSs to determine how much flexibility remains after fulfilling a primary application and accepting additional obligations. It includes an integrated detection of conflicts in the planned schedule of a BESS. The validity of the presented flexibility model is discussed based on a thorough evaluation. It was shown, that the model is quickly computable and does not need much data volume during transmission to the aggregator. Amplify is already used in real operation by an industrial partner.

Suggested Citation

  • Tiemann, Paul Hendrik & Nebel-Wenner, Marvin & Holly, Stefanie & Frost, Emilie & Nieße, Astrid, 2025. "Amplify: Multi-purpose flexibility model to pool battery energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 381(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:381:y:2025:i:c:s0306261924024474
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.125063
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chao Lu & Hanchen Xu & Xin Pan & Jie Song, 2014. "Optimal Sizing and Control of Battery Energy Storage System for Peak Load Shaving," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(12), pages 1-15, December.
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    3. Lombardi, P. & Schwabe, F., 2017. "Sharing economy as a new business model for energy storage systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 485-496.
    4. Hu, Xiaosong & Feng, Fei & Liu, Kailong & Zhang, Lei & Xie, Jiale & Liu, Bo, 2019. "State estimation for advanced battery management: Key challenges and future trends," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Jürgen Marchgraber & Wolfgang Gawlik, 2021. "Dynamic Prioritization of Functions during Real-Time Multi-Use Operation of Battery Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-36, January.
    6. Lechl, Michael & Fürmann, Tim & de Meer, Hermann & Weidlich, Anke, 2023. "A review of models for energy system flexibility requirements and potentials using the new FLEXBLOX taxonomy," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Fei Guo & Hujun Li & Fangzhao Deng, 2025. "Evaluating the Power System Operational Flexibility with Explicit Quantitive Metrics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(12), pages 1-17, June.

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