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Performance analysis of a hybrid aircraft propulsion system using solid oxide fuel cell, lithium ion battery and gas turbine

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  • Farsi, Aida
  • Rosen, Marc A.

Abstract

A novel integration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), lithium ion batteries and a gas turbine propulsion system is proposed for a hybrid electric aircraft. Methane as hydrogen storage medium is fed to the propulsion system so as to avoid the limitations associated with the use of pure hydrogen storage and utilization. An internal reformer is used in the SOFC to produce hydrogen through the steam reforming and water–gas-shift reactions of the methane and steam mixture. An afterburner is used to generate the heat required for generation of electrical power in the gas turbine and preheating the SOFC reactants by burning the remaining fuel from the SOFC. Also, a pathway for liquid water input to the hybrid system is designed in a way to first circulate through the lithium ion batteries to remove generated heat from them before it is used in the remainder of system. The variations of heat generation rate and temperature of the battery with time are predicted through electrochemical and thermal models. A performance assessment of the proposed propulsion system is conducted to investigate the compatibility and applicability of the system. It is found that at 1C (charge/discharge rate of battery), the average temperature of the lithium ion battery is maintained at about 28 °C through a water-based cooling process. The optimum net electrical power output and energy efficiency of the hybrid propulsion system are achieved at compressor pressurization ratio of 7.5. Furthermore, the net electrical power produced and energy efficiency of the hybrid propulsion system reach their maximum values (i.e., 6.6 × 106 W and 46.5 %, respectively) at a SOFC temperature of 775 °C.

Suggested Citation

  • Farsi, Aida & Rosen, Marc A., 2023. "Performance analysis of a hybrid aircraft propulsion system using solid oxide fuel cell, lithium ion battery and gas turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:329:y:2023:i:c:s0306261922015379
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120280
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Qu, Jinbo & Feng, Yongming & Wu, Binyang & Zhu, Yuanqing & Wang, Jiaqi, 2024. "Understanding the thermodynamic behaviors of integrated system including solid oxide fuel cell and Carnot battery based on finite time thermodynamics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 372(C).
    3. Ji, Zhixing & Qin, Jiang & Cheng, Kunlin & Zhang, Silong & Wang, Zhanxue, 2023. "A comprehensive evaluation of ducted fan hybrid engines integrated with fuel cells for sustainable aviation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    4. Guo, Xinru & Guo, Yumin & Wang, Jiangfeng & Meng, Xin & Deng, Bohao & Wu, Weifeng & Zhao, Pan, 2023. "Thermodynamic analysis of a novel combined heating and power system based on low temperature solid oxide fuel cell (LT-SOFC) and high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    5. Li, Peimiao & Wang, Shibo & Wang, Hui & Feng, Yun & Li, Hongliang & Xiao, Heye, 2025. "Thermal management of electric vehicle power cabin based on fast zero-dimensional integrating accurate three-dimensional optimization model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 378(PA).
    6. Xiong, Hanbing & Ming, Tingzhen & Wang, Yun & Wu, Yongjia & Li, Wei & de Richter, Renaud & Zhang, Qian & Mu, Liwen & Peng, Chong, 2025. "Experimental and kinetic studies on the photocatalysis of UV–vis light irradiation for low concentrations of the methane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PA).

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