IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v322y2022ics0306261922007929.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Formation damage of sandstone geothermal reservoirs: During decreased salinity water injection

Author

Listed:
  • Chai, Rukuan
  • Liu, Yuetian
  • Xue, Liang
  • Rui, Zhenhua
  • Zhao, Ruicheng
  • Wang, Jingru

Abstract

Water reinjection was widely implemented in the geothermal development for not only disposing tailwater but also maintaining reservoir pressure. Accompanying this was the formation damage, especially in the injection of decreased salinity water which was synthesized by adding surface water and condensed water into produced water for inhibiting the process equipment corrosion, treating the cooling tower condensate, and etc. Fine migration is the prevailing mechanism; however, it is insufficient in some scenarios. Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of formation damage of sandstone geothermal reservoirs during the decreased salinity water injection. First, coreflooding (CF), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and contact angle (CA) experiments were conducted to analyze the characteristics of the formation damage. Subsequently, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and nanoindentation experiments were implemented to study the corresponding mechanisms. Finally, the damage mode of sandstone geothermal reservoirs in decreased salinity water injection was proposed. The CF, NMR, and CA experimental results indicated that the decreased salinity water injection resulted in severe formation damage, as manifested by the reduction of permeability, shrinkage of the pore-throat, and enhancement of the water-wettability of core samples. That is, formation damage not only indicates that the fluid is more difficult to be injected but also that it is more difficult for the injected fluid to flow. As the salinity decreases, these trends gradually enhance. The SEM results illustrated that fine migration is noticeable in decreased salinity water injection, meanwhile mineral dissolution which causes secondary pores and microfracture is also apparent. Both reactions are enhanced as the salinity decreases. The same conclusion was validated by the XRD and ICP-OES results, as manifested by the decrease in the concentrations of clay, K-feldspar, and plagioclase, and the increase in quartz, as well as the emergence of Si4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and K+ in the effluents produced during the decreased salinity water injection. The nanoindentation results explicated that mineral dissolution weakened the mechanical strength of the minerals, which might effectively facilitate compaction. The elastic modulus and hardness of the quartz, K-feldspar, and plagioclase decreased from 107.5&93.7&72.3GPa and 13.7&10.1&7.4GPa of the original sandstone to 108.1&86.0&69.5GPa and 13.6&10.3&6.4GPa of the deionized water flushed one, respectively. In conclusion, formation damage was synergistically dominated by the external cause of compaction and the internal causes of fine migration and mineral dissolution. These factors compressed the pore-throat, decreased the connectivity of the porous media, enhanced the water-wettability of the sandstone surface, and consequently impeded water flow.

Suggested Citation

  • Chai, Rukuan & Liu, Yuetian & Xue, Liang & Rui, Zhenhua & Zhao, Ruicheng & Wang, Jingru, 2022. "Formation damage of sandstone geothermal reservoirs: During decreased salinity water injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:322:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922007929
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119465
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922007929
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119465?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kaya, Eylem & Zarrouk, Sadiq J. & O'Sullivan, Michael J., 2011. "Reinjection in geothermal fields: A review of worldwide experience," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 47-68, January.
    2. Deborah Ortiz-Young & Hsiang-Chih Chiu & Suenne Kim & Kislon Voïtchovsky & Elisa Riedo, 2013. "The interplay between apparent viscosity and wettability in nanoconfined water," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 4(1), pages 1-6, December.
    3. Chen, Jingyi & Xu, Tianfu & Jiang, Zhenjiao & Feng, Bo & Liang, Xu, 2020. "Reducing formation damage by artificially controlling the fluid-rock chemical interaction in a double-well geothermal heat production system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 455-467.
    4. Qian Yang & P. Z. Sun & L. Fumagalli & Y. V. Stebunov & S. J. Haigh & Z. W. Zhou & I. V. Grigorieva & F. C. Wang & A. K. Geim, 2020. "Capillary condensation under atomic-scale confinement," Nature, Nature, vol. 588(7837), pages 250-253, December.
    5. Watanabe, Noriaki & Saito, Kohei & Okamoto, Atsushi & Nakamura, Kengo & Ishibashi, Takuya & Saishu, Hanae & Komai, Takeshi & Tsuchiya, Noriyoshi, 2020. "Stabilizing and enhancing permeability for sustainable and profitable energy extraction from superhot geothermal environments," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    6. Li, Sanbai & Feng, Xia-Ting & Zhang, Dongxiao & Tang, Huiying, 2019. "Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical analysis of stimulation and production for fractured geothermal reservoirs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 40-59.
    7. Zhang, Liang & Chao, Jiahao & Geng, Songhe & Zhao, Zhen & Chen, Huijuan & Luo, Yinfei & Qin, Guangxiong, 2020. "Particle migration and blockage in geothermal reservoirs during water reinjection: Laboratory experiment and reaction kinetic model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    8. Chen, Jingping & Feng, Shaohang, 2020. "Evaluating a large geothermal absorber’s energy extraction and storage performance in a common geological condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    9. Cui, Guodong & Ning, Fulong & Dou, Bin & Li, Tong & Zhou, Qiucheng, 2022. "Particle migration and formation damage during geothermal exploitation from weakly consolidated sandstone reservoirs via water and CO2 recycling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C).
    10. Jan Schaefer & Ellen H. G. Backus & Mischa Bonn, 2018. "Evidence for auto-catalytic mineral dissolution from surface-specific vibrational spectroscopy," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 9(1), pages 1-6, December.
    11. Finster, Molly & Clark, Corrie & Schroeder, Jenna & Martino, Louis, 2015. "Geothermal produced fluids: Characteristics, treatment technologies, and management options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 952-966.
    12. Anderson, Austin & Rezaie, Behnaz, 2019. "Geothermal technology: Trends and potential role in a sustainable future," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 18-34.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Guo, Yanlong & Xu, Yishuo & Wang, Huajun & Shen, Jian & Zhao, Sumin, 2023. "Experimental investigation of water-rock reaction for the reinjection of sandstone geothermal reservoirs: A case from Neogene Guantao Formation in Tianjin," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 203-214.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Luo, W. & Kottsova, A. & Vardon, P.J. & Dieudonné, A.C. & Brehme, M., 2023. "Mechanisms causing injectivity decline and enhancement in geothermal projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    2. Qiu, Lihua & He, Li & Kang, Yu & Liang, Dongzhe, 2022. "Assessment of the potential of enhanced geothermal systems in Asia under the impact of global warming," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 636-646.
    3. Thomas Heinze & Nicola Pastore, 2023. "Velocity-dependent heat transfer controls temperature in fracture networks," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 14(1), pages 1-10, December.
    4. Ma, Yuanyuan & Li, Shibin & Zhang, Ligang & Liu, Songze & Liu, Zhaoyi & Li, Hao & Shi, Erxiu & Liu, Xuemei & Liu, Hongliang, 2020. "Analysis on the heat extraction performance of multi-well injection enhanced geothermal system based on leaf-like bifurcated fracture networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    5. Daniilidis, Alexandros & Saeid, Sanaz & Doonechaly, Nima Gholizadeh, 2021. "The fault plane as the main fluid pathway: Geothermal field development options under subsurface and operational uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 927-946.
    6. Ma, Yuanyuan & Li, Shibin & Zhang, Ligang & Liu, Songze & Liu, Zhaoyi & Li, Hao & Shi, Erxiu, 2020. "Study on the effect of well layout schemes and fracture parameters on the heat extraction performance of enhanced geothermal system in fractured reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    7. Ma, Yuanyuan & Li, Shibin & Zhang, Ligang & Liu, Songze & Liu, Zhaoyi & Li, Hao & Shi, Erxiu & Zhang, Haijun, 2020. "Numerical simulation study on the heat extraction performance of multi-well injection enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 782-795.
    8. Yu, Guojun & Li, Huyu & Liu, Cong & Cheng, Wan & Xu, Huijin, 2023. "Thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a new proposed flyover-crossing fracture configuration for the enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 859-873.
    9. Zhang, Jie & Xie, Jingxuan, 2020. "Effect of reservoir’s permeability and porosity on the performance of cellular development model for enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 824-838.
    10. Kurnia, Jundika C. & Putra, Zulfan A. & Muraza, Oki & Ghoreishi-Madiseh, Seyed Ali & Sasmito, Agus P., 2021. "Numerical evaluation, process design and techno-economic analysis of geothermal energy extraction from abandoned oil wells in Malaysia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 868-879.
    11. Heinze, Thomas, 2021. "Constraining the heat transfer coefficient of rock fractures," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 433-447.
    12. Gao, Xiang & Li, Tailu, 2022. "Synergetic characteristics of three-dimensional transient heat transfer in geothermal reservoir combined with power conversion for enhanced geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 216-230.
    13. Wang, Gaosheng & Song, Xianzhi & Shi, Yu & Yang, Ruiyue & Yulong, Feixue & Zheng, Rui & Li, Jiacheng, 2021. "Heat extraction analysis of a novel multilateral-well coaxial closed-loop geothermal system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 974-986.
    14. Yang, Fujian & Wang, Guiling & Hu, Dawei & Liu, Yanguang & Zhou, Hui & Tan, Xianfeng, 2021. "Calibrations of thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling parameters for heating and water-cooling treated granite," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 544-558.
    15. Song, Xianzhi & Shi, Yu & Li, Gensheng & Yang, Ruiyue & Xu, Zhengming & Zheng, Rui & Wang, Gaosheng & Lyu, Zehao, 2017. "Heat extraction performance simulation for various configurations of a downhole heat exchanger geothermal system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1489-1503.
    16. Mohammadzadeh Bina, Saeid & Jalilinasrabady, Saeid & Fujii, Hikari & Pambudi, Nugroho Agung, 2018. "Classification of geothermal resources in Indonesia by applying exergy concept," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 499-506.
    17. Vivek Aggarwal & Chandan Swaroop Meena & Ashok Kumar & Tabish Alam & Anuj Kumar & Arijit Ghosh & Aritra Ghosh, 2020. "Potential and Future Prospects of Geothermal Energy in Space Conditioning of Buildings: India and Worldwide Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-19, October.
    18. Sindu Daniarta & Magdalena Nemś & Piotr Kolasiński & Michał Pomorski, 2022. "Sizing the Thermal Energy Storage Device Utilizing Phase Change Material (PCM) for Low-Temperature Organic Rankine Cycle Systems Employing Selected Hydrocarbons," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-19, January.
    19. Kang, Fangchao & Jia, Tianrang & Li, Yingchun & Deng, Jianhui & Tang, Chun'an & Huang, Xin, 2021. "Experimental study on the physical and mechanical variations of hot granite under different cooling treatments," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1316-1328.
    20. Daniarta, Sindu & Nemś, Magdalena & Kolasiński, Piotr, 2023. "A review on thermal energy storage applicable for low- and medium-temperature organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:322:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922007929. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.