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Geothermal produced fluids: Characteristics, treatment technologies, and management options

Author

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  • Finster, Molly
  • Clark, Corrie
  • Schroeder, Jenna
  • Martino, Louis

Abstract

Geothermal power plants use geothermal fluids as a resource and create waste residuals as part of the power generation process. Both the geofluid resource and waste stream are considered produced fluids. The chemical and physical nature of produced fluids can have a major impact on the geothermal power industry and influence the feasibility of power development, exploration approaches, plant design, operating practices, and reuse/disposal of residuals. In general, produced fluids include anything that comes out of a geothermal field and must subsequently be managed on the surface. These fluids vary greatly, depending on the reservoir being harnessed, plant design, and life cycle stage in which the fluid exists, but generally include water and fluids used to drill wells, fluids used to stimulate wells in enhanced geothermal systems, and makeup and/or cooling water used during operation of a power plant. Additional geothermal-related produced fluids include many substances that are similar to waste streams from the oil and gas industry, such as scale, flash tank solids, precipitated solids from brine treatment, hydrogen sulfide, and cooling-tower-related waste.

Suggested Citation

  • Finster, Molly & Clark, Corrie & Schroeder, Jenna & Martino, Louis, 2015. "Geothermal produced fluids: Characteristics, treatment technologies, and management options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 952-966.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:50:y:2015:i:c:p:952-966
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.05.059
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Sagar Shelare & Ravinder Kumar & Trupti Gajbhiye & Sumit Kanchan, 2023. "Role of Geothermal Energy in Sustainable Water Desalination—A Review on Current Status, Parameters, and Challenges," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Pan, Shu-Yuan & Gao, Mengyao & Shah, Kinjal J. & Zheng, Jianming & Pei, Si-Lu & Chiang, Pen-Chi, 2019. "Establishment of enhanced geothermal energy utilization plans: Barriers and strategies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 19-32.
    3. Vulin, Domagoj & Muhasilović, Lejla & Arnaut, Maja, 2020. "Possibilities for CCUS in medium temperature geothermal reservoir," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    4. George Kyriakarakos & Erika Ntavou & Dimitris Manolakos, 2020. "Investigation of the Use of Low Temperature Geothermal Organic Rankine Cycle Engine in an Autonomous Polygeneration Microgrid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    5. Chai, Rukuan & Liu, Yuetian & Xue, Liang & Rui, Zhenhua & Zhao, Ruicheng & Wang, Jingru, 2022. "Formation damage of sandstone geothermal reservoirs: During decreased salinity water injection," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    6. Luo, W. & Kottsova, A. & Vardon, P.J. & Dieudonné, A.C. & Brehme, M., 2023. "Mechanisms causing injectivity decline and enhancement in geothermal projects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    7. Mott, A. & Baba, A. & Hadi Mosleh, M. & Ökten, H.E. & Babaei, M. & Gören, A.Y. & Feng, C. & Recepoğlu, Y.K. & Uzelli, T. & Uytun, H. & Morata, D. & Yüksel, A. & Sedighi, M., 2022. "Boron in geothermal energy: Sources, environmental impacts, and management in geothermal fluid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    8. Gude, Veera Gnaneswar, 2016. "Geothermal source potential for water desalination – Current status and future perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1038-1065.

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