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Off-design and annual performance analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle with thermal storage for CSP application

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  • Thanganadar, Dhinesh
  • Fornarelli, Francesco
  • Camporeale, Sergio
  • Asfand, Faisal
  • Patchigolla, Kumar

Abstract

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (sCO2) cycles can achieve higher efficiency compared to steam-Rankine or Air-Brayton cycles, therefore they are promising for concentrated solar power applications. Although sCO2 cycles show higher design efficiency, the off-design efficiency is highly sensitive to the ambient conditions, impacting the power block net-power and heat input. In the present work a recompression sCO2 cycle is connected to a central-tower solar field with two-tank thermal storage delivering molten chloride salt at 670 °C. The temperature of the molten-salt exiting from the power block and returning to the cold storage tank increases by 46 °C with respect to the design value when the compressor inlet temperature is raised by 13 °C relative to the design condition of 42 °C, which implies that the capacity of the thermal storage reduces by 25%. The main focus of this work is to investigate the off-design performance of a sCO2 recompression cycle under variable ambient temperature, molten-salt inlet temperature and molten-salt flow rate. Multi-objective optimisation is carried-out in off-design conditions using an in-house code to explore the optimal operational strategies and the Pareto fronts were compared. Since the power cycle can either be operated in maximum power mode or maximum efficiency mode, this study compares these two operational strategies based on their annual performance. Results indicate that the capacity factor of the concentrated solar power can be increased by 10.8% when operating in maximum power mode whilst the number of start-ups is reduced by about 50% when operating in maximum efficiency mode.

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  • Thanganadar, Dhinesh & Fornarelli, Francesco & Camporeale, Sergio & Asfand, Faisal & Patchigolla, Kumar, 2021. "Off-design and annual performance analysis of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle with thermal storage for CSP application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:282:y:2021:i:pa:s0306261920316007
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116200
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    9. Duniam, Sam & Veeraragavan, Ananthanarayanan, 2019. "Off-design performance of the supercritical carbon dioxide recompression Brayton cycle with NDDCT cooling for concentrating solar power," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Battisti, F.G. & de Araujo Passos, L.A. & da Silva, A.K., 2022. "Economic and environmental assessment of a CO2 solar-powered plant with packed-bed thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    2. Mukelabai, Mulako Dean & Wijayantha, Upul K.G. & Blanchard, Richard E., 2022. "Renewable hydrogen economy outlook in Africa," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    3. Zhao, Yu & Chang, Zhiyuan & Zhao, Yuanyang & Yang, Qichao & Liu, Guangbin & Li, Liansheng, 2023. "Performance comparison of three supercritical CO2 solar thermal power systems with compressed fluid and molten salt energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    4. Du, Yadong & Yu, Zhiyi & Yang, Ce & Wang, Haimei & Ernest Chua, Kian Jon, 2024. "A recompression supercritical CO2 cycle using heat source storage to achieve low-frequency reactor regulation: Analysis and optimization of load capacity under safe compressor operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    5. Thanganadar, Dhinesh & Fornarelli, Francesco & Camporeale, Sergio & Asfand, Faisal & Gillard, Jonathon & Patchigolla, Kumar, 2022. "Thermo-economic analysis, optimisation and systematic integration of supercritical carbon dioxide cycle with sensible heat thermal energy storage for CSP application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    6. Yang, D.L. & Tang, G.H. & Sheng, Q. & Li, X.L. & Fan, Y.H. & He, Y.L. & Luo, K.H., 2023. "Effects of multiple insufficient charging and discharging on compressed carbon dioxide energy storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    7. Yang, Jingze & Yu, Zitao & Yao, Hong, 2023. "Efficient turbomachinery layout design and performance comparison of supercritical CO2 cycles for high-temperature concentrated solar power plants under peak-shaving scenarios," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    8. Wang, Qiliang & Li, Guiqiang & Cao, Jingyu & Hu, Mingke & Pei, Gang & Yang, Hongxing, 2022. "An analytical study on optimal spectral characters of solar absorbing coating and thermal performance potential of solar power tower," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1300-1315.
    9. Yang, Jingze & Yang, Zhen & Duan, Yuanyuan, 2022. "A review on integrated design and off-design operation of solar power tower system with S–CO2 Brayton cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).

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