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State of charge and online model parameters co-estimation for liquid metal batteries

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  • Liu, Guoan
  • Xu, Cheng
  • Li, Haomiao
  • Jiang, Kai
  • Wang, Kangli

Abstract

Liquid metal battery (LMB) is a novel battery technology that shows great application potential in the electric energy storage system. For the utilization of battery systems, an accurate estimate of the state of charge (SOC) for LMBs is of great significance. However, there are still many challenges need to be addressed due to the relatively low voltage and flat open-circuit-voltage versus SOC curve of LMBs. In this work, a novel state and parameter co-estimator is developed to concurrently estimate the state and model parameters of a Thevenin model for LMBs. The adaptive unscented Kalman filter is employed for state estimation including the battery SOC, and the forgetting factor recursive least squares is applied for online parameter estimation, which increase the model fidelity and further enhance the accuracy and robustness of the SOC estimation. A comparison with other algorithms is made based on the experimental data from laboratory-made LMBs. The evaluation results show that the proposed co-estimator exhibits the smallest root mean square error of 0.21% and is robust to external disturbances.

Suggested Citation

  • Liu, Guoan & Xu, Cheng & Li, Haomiao & Jiang, Kai & Wang, Kangli, 2019. "State of charge and online model parameters co-estimation for liquid metal batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 677-684.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:250:y:2019:i:c:p:677-684
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.05.032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Xu, Cheng & Zhang, E & Jiang, Kai & Wang, Kangli, 2022. "Dual fuzzy-based adaptive extended Kalman filter for state of charge estimation of liquid metal battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
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    6. Aihua Wu & Yan Zhou & Jingfeng Mao & Xudong Zhang & Junqiang Zheng, 2023. "An Improved Multi-Timescale AEKF–AUKF Joint Algorithm for State-of-Charge Estimation of Lithium-Ion Batteries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(16), pages 1-24, August.
    7. Ingvild B. Espedal & Asanthi Jinasena & Odne S. Burheim & Jacob J. Lamb, 2021. "Current Trends for State-of-Charge (SoC) Estimation in Lithium-Ion Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-24, June.
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