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Does humidification improve the micro Gas Turbine cycle? Thermodynamic assessment based on Sankey and Grassmann diagrams

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  • Montero Carrero, Marina
  • De Paepe, Ward
  • Bram, Svend
  • Parente, Alessandro
  • Contino, Francesco

Abstract

Despite appearing as a promising technology for decentralised Combined Heat and Power (CHP), the rather low electrical efficiency of micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) prevents them from being attractive for users with a variable heat demand. Hot water injection in mGTs, achieved by transforming the cycle into a micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT), allows increasing the electrical efficiency of these units in moments of low heat demand—therefore decoupling heat and electricity production. This paper introduces and compares the Sankey (enthalpy flow) and Grassmann (exergy flow) diagrams of an mGT based on the Turbec T100 and the corresponding mHAT cycle. Results show that the electrical efficiency of the T100 increases by 1.4% absolute points with water injection, while the total exergy efficiency decreases by 5.1%. Although in the saturation tower there is an enthalpy gain, exergy actually decreases in this component due to the increase in entropy related to the evaporation of water. The benefits of water injection mostly rely on the increased heat capacity of the air-vapour mixture, the lower fuel consumption, the larger amount of heat recovered in the recuperator and the reduced power required in the compressor.

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  • Montero Carrero, Marina & De Paepe, Ward & Bram, Svend & Parente, Alessandro & Contino, Francesco, 2017. "Does humidification improve the micro Gas Turbine cycle? Thermodynamic assessment based on Sankey and Grassmann diagrams," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1163-1171.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:204:y:2017:i:c:p:1163-1171
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.05.067
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Montero Carrero, Marina & De Paepe, Ward & Parente, Alessandro & Contino, Francesco, 2016. "T100 mGT converted into mHAT for domestic applications: Economic analysis based on hourly demand," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1019-1027.
    2. Jonsson, Maria & Yan, Jinyue, 2005. "Humidified gas turbines—a review of proposed and implemented cycles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 1013-1078.
    3. De Paepe, Ward & Montero Carrero, Marina & Bram, Svend & Contino, Francesco & Parente, Alessandro, 2017. "Waste heat recovery optimization in micro gas turbine applications using advanced humidified gas turbine cycle concepts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 218-229.
    4. De Paepe, Ward & Delattin, Frank & Bram, Svend & De Ruyck, Jacques, 2012. "Steam injection experiments in a microturbine – A thermodynamic performance analysis," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 569-576.
    5. Soundararajan, Kamal & Ho, Hiang Kwee & Su, Bin, 2014. "Sankey diagram framework for energy and exergy flows," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 1035-1042.
    6. De Paepe, Ward & Delattin, Frank & Bram, Svend & De Ruyck, Jacques, 2013. "Water injection in a micro gas turbine – Assessment of the performance using a black box method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1291-1302.
    7. Montero Carrero, Marina & De Paepe, Ward & Bram, Svend & Musin, Frédéric & Parente, Alessandro & Contino, Francesco, 2016. "Humidified micro gas turbines for domestic users: An economic and primary energy savings analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 429-438.
    8. Traverso, A., 2010. "Humidification tower for humid air gas turbine cycles: Experimental analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 894-901.
    9. Lee, Jong Jun & Jeon, Mu Sung & Kim, Tong Seop, 2010. "The influence of water and steam injection on the performance of a recuperated cycle microturbine for combined heat and power application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1307-1316, April.
    10. De Paepe, W. & Contino, F. & Delattin, F. & Bram, S. & De Ruyck, J., 2014. "New concept of spray saturation tower for micro Humid Air Turbine applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 723-737.
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    Cited by:

    1. Aiguo Liu & Ruiyang Fan & Qiaochu Liu & Lei Xi & Wen Zeng, 2022. "Numerical and Experimental Study on Combustion Characteristics of Micro-Gas Turbine Biogas Combustor," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-18, November.
    2. Roberta De Robbio, 2023. "Micro Gas Turbine Role in Distributed Generation with Renewable Energy Sources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-37, January.
    3. Kim, Min Jae & Kim, Jeong Ho & Kim, Tong Seop, 2018. "The effects of internal leakage on the performance of a micro gas turbine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 175-184.
    4. Stathopoulos, Panagiotis & Rähse, Tim & Vinkeloe, Johann & Djordjevic, Neda, 2019. "Steam injected Humphrey cycle for gas turbines with pressure gain combustion," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    5. De Paepe, Ward & Pappa, Alessio & Montero Carrero, Marina & Bricteux, Laurent & Contino, Francesco, 2020. "Reducing waste heat to the minimum: Thermodynamic assessment of the M-power cycle concept applied to micro Gas Turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    6. Zhang, Qing & He, Ming & Wang, Yuzhang & Weng, Shilie, 2020. "Analysis of air humidification process for humid air turbine cycle with a detailed air humidifier model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    7. Zhu, Guangya & Chow, T.T. & Fong, K.F. & Lee, C.K., 2019. "Comparative study on humidified gas turbine cycles with different air saturator designs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    8. Wang, Yuzhang & Zhang, Qing & Li, Yixing & He, Ming & Weng, Shilie, 2022. "Research on the effectiveness of the key components in the HAT cycle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    9. Marina Montero Carrero & Irene Rodríguez Sánchez & Ward De Paepe & Alessandro Parente & Francesco Contino, 2019. "Is There a Future for Small-Scale Cogeneration in Europe? Economic and Policy Analysis of the Internal Combustion Engine, Micro Gas Turbine and Micro Humid Air Turbine Cycles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-27, January.
    10. Zhao, Tian & Chen, Xi & He, Ke-Lun & Chen, Qun, 2021. "A standardized modeling strategy for heat current method-based analysis and simulation of thermal systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).

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