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Numerical analysis of heat propagation in a battery pack using a novel technology for triggering thermal runaway

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  • Coman, Paul T.
  • Darcy, Eric C.
  • Veje, Christian T.
  • White, Ralph E.

Abstract

This paper presents a numerical model used for analyzing heat propagation as a safety feature in a custom-made battery pack. The pack uses a novel technology consisting of an internal short circuit device implanted in a cell to trigger thermal runaway. The goal of the study is to investigate the importance of wrapping cylindrical battery cells (18650 type) in a thermally and electrically insulating mica sleeve, to fix the cells in a thermally conductive aluminum heat sink. By modeling the full-scale pack using a 2D model and coupling the thermal model with an electrochemical model, good agreement with a 3D model and experimental data was found (less than 6%). The 2D modeling approach also reduces the computation time considerably (from 11h to 25min) compared to using a 3D model. The results showed that the air trapped between the cell and the boreholes of the heat sink provides a good insulation which reduces the temperature of the adjacent cells during thermal runaway. At the same time, a highly conductive matrix dissipates the heat throughout its thermal mass, reducing the temperature even further. It was found that for designing a safe battery pack which mitigates thermal runaway propagation, a combination of small insulating layers wrapped around the cells, and a conductive heat sink is beneficial.

Suggested Citation

  • Coman, Paul T. & Darcy, Eric C. & Veje, Christian T. & White, Ralph E., 2017. "Numerical analysis of heat propagation in a battery pack using a novel technology for triggering thermal runaway," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 189-200.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:203:y:2017:i:c:p:189-200
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.033
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Feng, Xuning & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Li, Jiangqiu & He, Xiangming, 2016. "A 3D thermal runaway propagation model for a large format lithium ion battery module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 194-208.
    2. Feng, Xuning & He, Xiangming & Ouyang, Minggao & Lu, Languang & Wu, Peng & Kulp, Christian & Prasser, Stefan, 2015. "Thermal runaway propagation model for designing a safer battery pack with 25Ah LiNixCoyMnzO2 large format lithium ion battery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 74-91.
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    1. Raijmakers, L.H.J. & Danilov, D.L. & Eichel, R.-A. & Notten, P.H.L., 2019. "A review on various temperature-indication methods for Li-ion batteries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 918-945.
    2. Zhang, Wencan & Huang, Liansheng & Zhang, Zhongbo & Li, Xingyao & Ma, Ruixin & Ren, Yimao & Wu, Weixiong, 2022. "Non-uniform phase change material strategy for directional mitigation of battery thermal runaway propagation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1338-1351.
    3. Zhang, Wencan & Ouyang, Nan & Yin, Xiuxing & Li, Xingyao & Wu, Weixiong & Huang, Liansheng, 2022. "Data-driven early warning strategy for thermal runaway propagation in Lithium-ion battery modules with variable state of charge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    4. Jiang, Z.Y. & Qu, Z.G. & Zhang, J.F. & Rao, Z.H., 2020. "Rapid prediction method for thermal runaway propagation in battery pack based on lumped thermal resistance network and electric circuit analogy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 268(C).
    5. Xu, Jun & Wang, Haitao & Shi, Hu & Mei, Xuesong, 2020. "Multi-scale short circuit resistance estimation method for series connected battery strings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    6. Zhiguo Tang & Anqi Song & Shoucheng Wang & Jianping Cheng & Changfa Tao, 2020. "Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer Mechanism of Thermal Runaway Propagation for Cylindrical Lithium-ion Cells in Battery Module," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Yubai Li & Zhifu Zhou & Wei-Tao Wu, 2020. "Three-Dimensional Thermal Modeling of Internal Shorting Process in a 20Ah Lithium-Ion Polymer Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    8. Ximing Cheng & Tao Li & Xusong Ruan & Zhenpo Wang, 2019. "Thermal Runaway Characteristics of a Large Format Lithium-Ion Battery Module," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-18, August.
    9. Yang, Ruixin & Xiong, Rui & Ma, Suxiao & Lin, Xinfan, 2020. "Characterization of external short circuit faults in electric vehicle Li-ion battery packs and prediction using artificial neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    10. Wang, Gongquan & Kong, Depeng & Ping, Ping & He, Xiaoqin & Lv, Hongpeng & Zhao, Hengle & Hong, Wanru, 2023. "Modeling venting behavior of lithium-ion batteries during thermal runaway propagation by coupling CFD and thermal resistance network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    11. Xie, Lin & Ustolin, Federico & Lundteigen, Mary Ann & Li, Tian & Liu, Yiliu, 2022. "Performance analysis of safety barriers against cascading failures in a battery pack," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    12. Liu, Tong & Tao, Changfa & Wang, Xishi, 2020. "Cooling control effect of water mist on thermal runaway propagation in lithium ion battery modules," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 267(C).
    13. Saw, Lip Huat & Poon, Hiew Mun & Thiam, Hui San & Cai, Zuansi & Chong, Wen Tong & Pambudi, Nugroho Agung & King, Yeong Jin, 2018. "Novel thermal management system using mist cooling for lithium-ion battery packs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C), pages 146-158.
    14. Zhang, Furen & Lu, Fu & Liang, Beibei & Zhu, Yilin & Gou, Huan & Xiao, Kang & He, Yanxiao, 2023. "Thermal performance analysis of a new type of branch-fin enhanced battery thermal management PCM module," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 1049-1063.
    15. Xia, Quan & Ren, Yi & Wang, Zili & Yang, Dezhen & Yan, Peiyu & Wu, Zeyu & Sun, Bo & Feng, Qiang & Qian, Cheng, 2023. "Safety risk assessment method for thermal abuse of lithium-ion battery pack based on multiphysics simulation and improved bisection method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 264(C).
    16. Ren, Dongsheng & Liu, Xiang & Feng, Xuning & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Li, Jianqiu & He, Xiangming, 2018. "Model-based thermal runaway prediction of lithium-ion batteries from kinetics analysis of cell components," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 633-644.
    17. Wang, Zhi & Wang, Jian, 2020. "Investigation of external heating-induced failure propagation behaviors in large-size cell modules with different phase change materials," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C).
    18. Xinyu Liu & Zhifu Zhou & Weitao Wu & Linsong Gao & Yang Li & Heng Huang & Zheng Huang & Yubai Li & Yongchen Song, 2022. "Three-Dimensional Modeling for the Internal Shorting Caused Thermal Runaway Process in 20Ah Lithium-Ion Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-25, September.
    19. Mahesh Suresh Patil & Satyam Panchal & Namwon Kim & Moo-Yeon Lee, 2018. "Cooling Performance Characteristics of 20 Ah Lithium-Ion Pouch Cell with Cold Plates along Both Surfaces," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-19, September.
    20. Gandoman, Foad H. & Jaguemont, Joris & Goutam, Shovon & Gopalakrishnan, Rahul & Firouz, Yousef & Kalogiannis, Theodoros & Omar, Noshin & Van Mierlo, Joeri, 2019. "Concept of reliability and safety assessment of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles: Basics, progress, and challenges," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.

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