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Applying fsQCA, NCA and NConfA in tourism research

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  • Rasoolimanesh, S. Mostafa

Abstract

•Traditional symmetric methods tend to offer a single “best-fitting” model.•Asymmetric approaches are designed to address complex phenomena.•FsQCA is most effective approach for uncovering multiple sufficient configurations.•NCA identifies single necessary conditions but necessity in-degree.•NConfA is suitable for identifying necessary combinations of factors.

Suggested Citation

  • Rasoolimanesh, S. Mostafa, 2026. "Applying fsQCA, NCA and NConfA in tourism research," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:anture:v:116:y:2026:i:c:s0160738325001756
    DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2025.104069
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pappas, Ilias O. & Woodside, Arch G., 2021. "Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA): Guidelines for research practice in Information Systems and marketing," International Journal of Information Management, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    2. Ragin, Charles C., 2000. "Fuzzy-Set Social Science," University of Chicago Press Economics Books, University of Chicago Press, edition 1, number 9780226702773, August.
    3. Dul, Jan, 2024. "A different causal perspective with Necessary Condition Analysis," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    4. S. Mostafa Rasoolimanesh & Hesam Olya, 2025. "Necessary Configuration Analysis (NConfA): a new multivariate approach," The Service Industries Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(15-16), pages 1303-1312, December.
    5. Ragin, Charles C., 2006. "Set Relations in Social Research: Evaluating Their Consistency and Coverage," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 14(3), pages 291-310, July.
    6. Woodside, Arch G., 2014. "Embrace•perform•model: Complexity theory, contrarian case analysis, and multiple realities," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 67(12), pages 2495-2503.
    7. Dul, Jan, 2016. "Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 69(4), pages 1516-1523.
    8. Scarpi, Daniele & Confente, Ilenia & Russo, Ivan, 2022. "The impact of tourism on residents' intention to stay. A qualitative comparative analysis," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 97(C).
    9. Ferguson, Graham & Megehee, Carol M. & Woodside, Arch G., 2017. "Culture, religiosity, and economic configural models explaining tipping-behavior prevalence across nations," Tourism Management, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 218-233.
    10. repec:ucp:bkecon:9780226702766 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Tóth, Zsófia & Dul, Jan & Li, Chunxiao (Spring), 2019. "Necessary condition analysis in tourism research," Annals of Tourism Research, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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