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Assessing yield and economic impact of introducing soybean to the lowland rice system in southern Brazil

Author

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  • Ribas, Giovana Ghisleni
  • Zanon, Alencar Junior
  • Streck, Nereu Augusto
  • Pilecco, Isabela Bulegon
  • de Souza, Pablo Mazzuco
  • Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan
  • Grassini, Patricio

Abstract

Lowland irrigated rice in southern Brazil is typically grown in monoculture, with one rice crop per year. However, during the past 10 years, some farmers have switched from the traditional continuous rice system to a 2-y soybean-rice rotation. Here we performed an on-farm assessment about the impact of introducing soybean to the lowland continuous rice system in southern Brazil. The goal was to determine how the soybean-rice rotation compared to continuous rice in terms of yield and profit. We used farmer-reported survey data collected from lowland rice-based systems in southern Brazil over three growing seasons. Cropping-system yield, profit, and return-to-inputs were compared between fields following continuous rice versus soybean–rice rotation. In addition to the survey data analysis, we evaluated the long-term economic impact of adopting the rotation using a combination of a crop simulation model and Monte-Carlo stochastic modeling. Average rice yield was 26% higher in the rotation compared to continuous rice. Besides the rotation effect, sowing date, N fertilizer, and weed management explained most of the field-to-field variability in rice yield. Cropping-system yield and gross income were lower in the soybean-rice rotation than in continuous rice as a result of replacing an irrigated crop (rice) by a water-limited rainfed crop (soybean). Despite that yield penalty, there was no difference in net economic return between the two cropping systems due to lower production costs in soybean-rice rotation compared to continuous rice. The rotation also exhibited smaller labor requirement and higher benefit-to-cost ratio and return to labor than continuous rice. Despite these potential benefits, our long-term analysis indicated higher inter-annual variability and economic risk in the rotation compared to continuous rice. Other factors further constrain adoption of the soybean-rice rotation, including the high risk of growing soybean in fields that are prone to excess water and difficulties to change current farm logistics. Findings from this study are relevant to other rice-based systems in the world looking for opportunities to increase or maintain net profit while reducing costs and/or labor.

Suggested Citation

  • Ribas, Giovana Ghisleni & Zanon, Alencar Junior & Streck, Nereu Augusto & Pilecco, Isabela Bulegon & de Souza, Pablo Mazzuco & Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan & Grassini, Patricio, 2021. "Assessing yield and economic impact of introducing soybean to the lowland rice system in southern Brazil," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agisys:v:188:y:2021:i:c:s0308521x20308970
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2020.103036
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gabriel, José Luis & Garrido, Alberto & Quemada, Miguel, 2013. "Cover crops effect on farm benefits and nitrate leaching: Linking economic and environmental analysis," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 23-32.
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    3. Hochman, Zvi & Horan, Heidi & Navarro Garcia, Javier & Hopwood, Garry & Whish, Jeremy & Bell, Lindsay & Zhang, Xiying & Jing, Haichun, 2020. "Cropping system yield gaps can be narrowed with more optimal rotations in dryland subtropical Australia," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
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    2. Videla-Mensegue, H. & Caviglia, O.P. & Sadras, V.O., 2022. "Functional crop types are more important than diversity for the productivity, profit and risk of crop sequences in the inner Argentinean Pampas," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    3. Andrade, José F. & Mourtzinis, Spyridon & Rattalino Edreira, Juan I. & Conley, Shawn P. & Gaska, John & Kandel, Herman J. & Lindsey, Laura E. & Naeve, Seth & Nelson, Scott & Singh, Maninder P. & Thomp, 2022. "Field validation of a farmer supplied data approach to close soybean yield gaps in the US North Central region," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    4. Lin, Yu-Pin & Hsu, Chia- Chuan & Wuryandani, Shafira & Yang, Feng-An, 2024. "A decision-making framework based on rain-fed crop suitability, water scarcity, and economic benefits for determination multiple-crop rotation strategy," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).

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