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What does the National High School Exam (enem) tell Brazilian society?

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  • Travitzki, Rodrigo
  • Boto, Carlota
  • Calero, Jorge

Abstract

This article assesses the limitations and potentials of the National High School Exam (ENEM) as an indicator of school effectiveness in Brazil, and considers the effects of introducing contextual variables. A multilevel regression analysis was performed on three levels (individual, school and state) using microdata on 17,359 schools from 2009 and 2010. Contextual factors made it possible to explain 79% of the difference between schools. The raw average and value-added (random effect at the school level) produced contrasting evaluations in 34% of cases; and the average was more stable (r = 0.8) than value-added (r = 0.5) in both years. Various shortcomings in the ENEM as an indicator of school effectiveness were identified. The results show that this league table reveals more about socioeconomic conditions than the schools' own merit, in other words the value-added they are supposedly providing to the students.

Suggested Citation

  • Travitzki, Rodrigo & Boto, Carlota & Calero, Jorge, 2014. "What does the National High School Exam (enem) tell Brazilian society?," Revista CEPAL, Naciones Unidas Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL), August.
    • Handle: RePEc:ecr:col070:37427
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    File URL: http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/37427
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    1. James J. Heckman, 1976. "The Common Structure of Statistical Models of Truncation, Sample Selection and Limited Dependent Variables and a Simple Estimator for Such Models," NBER Chapters, in: Annals of Economic and Social Measurement, Volume 5, number 4, pages 475-492, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Meyer, Robert H., 1997. "Value-added indicators of school performance: A primer," Economics of Education Review, Elsevier, vol. 16(3), pages 283-301, June.
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    1. Rogério Luiz Cardoso Silva Filho & Anvit Garg & Kellyton Brito & Paulo Jorge Leitão Adeodato & Martin Carnoy, 2023. "Beyond scores: A machine learning approach to comparing educational system effectiveness," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 18(10), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Carolina da Franca Bandeira Ferreira Santos & Fabiana Godoy & Valdenice Aparecida Menezes & Viviane Colares & Patrícia Maria Zarzar & Raquel Conceição Ferreira & Ichiro Kawachi, 2020. "School academic climate and oral health (tooth loss) in adolescents," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-11, May.

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