IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ebl/ecbull/eb-16-00531.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Risk Disclosure and Company Unsystematic, Systematic, and Total Risks

Author

Listed:
  • Ousayna Zreik

    (ESC Rennes School of Business)

  • Wael Louhichi

    (ESSCA SCHOOL OF MANAGEMENT)

Abstract

Recently, researchers have largely studied the impact of risk communication on several factors. In this paper, we examine the association between the communication about risk through annual reports and unsystematic, systematic, and total risks. We use the content analysis method to measure risk communication and the market model to measure the three types of risk. We find that increased risk disclosure is associated with decreased unsystematic and total risks and increased systematic risk. Two complementary analyses are performed. The first of these analyses examines the impact of risk communication on company risks before, during and after the financial crisis of 2008. The second analysis distinguishes high-risk from low-risk companies. The results reveal that the impact of risk communication on company risks depends on estimated period (pre-crisis, during crisis or post-crisis). Moreover, we observe that low-risk companies reduce their risk level through more risk communication.

Suggested Citation

  • Ousayna Zreik & Wael Louhichi, 2017. "Risk Disclosure and Company Unsystematic, Systematic, and Total Risks," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(1), pages 448-467.
    • Handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-16-00531
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.accessecon.com/Pubs/EB/2017/Volume37/EB-17-V37-I1-P41.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Handa, Puneet & Linn, Scott C., 1993. "Arbitrage Pricing with Estimation Risk," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 28(1), pages 81-100, March.
    2. Sullivan, Timothy G, 1978. "The Cost of Capital and the Market Power of Firms," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 60(2), pages 209-217, May.
    3. Mónica Hernández Madrigal & Beatriz Aibar Guzmán & Cristina Aibar Guzmán, 2015. "Determinants of corporate risk disclosure in large Spanish companies: a snapshot," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 60(4), pages 757-775, Octubre-D.
    4. Timothy W. Ruefli & James M. Collins & Joseph R. Lacugna, 1999. "Risk measures in strategic management research: auld lang syne?," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 167-194, February.
    5. William F. Sharpe, 1964. "Capital Asset Prices: A Theory Of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions Of Risk," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 19(3), pages 425-442, September.
    6. Luzi Hail, 2002. "The impact of voluntary corporate disclosures on the ex-ante cost of capital for Swiss firms," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 11(4), pages 741-773.
    7. Richard Lambert & Christian Leuz & Robert E. Verrecchia, 2007. "Accounting Information, Disclosure, and the Cost of Capital," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(2), pages 385-420, May.
    8. Woo Gon Kim & Bill Ryan & Silvio Ceschini, 2007. "Factors Affecting Systematic Risk in the US Restaurant Industry," Tourism Economics, , vol. 13(2), pages 197-208, June.
    9. Frank L. Heflin & Kenneth W. Shaw & John J. Wild, 2005. "Disclosure Policy and Market Liquidity: Impact of Depth Quotes and Order Sizes," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(4), pages 829-865, December.
    10. Moyer, R. Charles & Chatfield, Robert, 1983. "Market power and systematic risk," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 123-130.
    11. Pol, Eduardo, 2012. "The preponderant causes of the USA banking crisis 2007–08," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 41(5), pages 519-528.
    12. Michael Clement & Richard Frankel & Jeffrey Miller, 2003. "Confirming Management Earnings Forecasts, Earnings Uncertainty, and Stock Returns," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(4), pages 653-679, September.
    13. Guay, Wayne R., 1999. "The impact of derivatives on firm risk: An empirical examination of new derivative users1," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1-3), pages 319-351, January.
    14. Markus K. Brunnermeier, 2009. "Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch 2007-2008," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 23(1), pages 77-100, Winter.
    15. Abraham, Santhosh & Cox, Paul, 2007. "Analysing the determinants of narrative risk information in UK FTSE 100 annual reports," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 227-248.
    16. Beretta, Sergio & Bozzolan, Saverio, 2004. "A framework for the analysis of firm risk communication," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 265-288.
    17. Jon A. Garfinkel, 2009. "Measuring Investors' Opinion Divergence," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(5), pages 1317-1348, December.
    18. Amit Goyal & Pedro Santa-Clara, 2003. "Idiosyncratic Risk Matters!," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 58(3), pages 975-1008, June.
    19. Beretta, Sergio & Bozzolan, Saverio, 2004. "Reply to: Discussions of "A framework for the analysis of firm risk communication"," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 303-305.
    20. Elshandidy, Tamer & Fraser, Ian & Hussainey, Khaled, 2013. "Aggregated, voluntary, and mandatory risk disclosure incentives: Evidence from UK FTSE all-share companies," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 320-333.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tariq H. Ismail & Yousra R. Obiedallah, 2022. "Firm performance and cost of equity capital: the moderating role of narrative risk disclosure quality in Egypt," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-19, December.
    2. Ridhima Saggar & Balwinder Singh, 2019. "Drivers of Corporate Risk Disclosure in Indian Non-financial Companies: A Longitudinal Approach," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(3), pages 303-325, August.
    3. Khandelwal, Chandni & Kumar, Satish & Madhavan, Vinodh & Pandey, Nitesh, 2020. "Do board characteristics impact corporate risk disclosures? The Indian experience," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 103-111.
    4. Miihkinen, Antti, 2013. "The usefulness of firm risk disclosures under different firm riskiness, investor-interest, and market conditions: New evidence from Finland," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 312-331.
    5. Chandni Khandelwal & Satish Kumar & Riya Sureka, 2022. "Mapping the intellectual structure of corporate risk reporting research: a bibliometric analysis," International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(2), pages 129-143, June.
    6. Elzahar, Hany & Hussainey, Khaled & Mazzi, Francesco & Tsalavoutas, Ioannis, 2015. "Economic consequences of key performance indicators' disclosure quality," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 96-112.
    7. Cabedo Semper, J. David & Tirado Beltrán, José Miguel, 2016. "Cantidad y calidad de información de riesgos divulgada por las empresas españolas: Un análisis en periodos diferentes del ciclo económico," Revista de Contabilidad - Spanish Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 19(2), pages 261-270.
    8. Rogério Marques Serrasqueiro & Tânia Sofia Mineiro, 2018. "Corporate risk reporting: Analysis of risk disclosures in the interim reports of public Portuguese non-financial companies," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 63(2), pages 25-26, Junio.
    9. Bing Wang & Si Xu & Kung-Cheng Ho & I-Ming Jiang & Hung-Yi Huang, 2019. "Information Disclosure Ranking, Industry Production Market Competition, and Mispricing: An Empirical Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    10. Ahmed A. Elamer & Collins G. Ntim & Hussein A. Abdou & Alaa Mansour Zalata & Mohamed Elmagrhi, 2019. "The impact of multi-layer governance on bank risk disclosure in emerging markets: the case of Middle East and North Africa," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 43(2), pages 246-281, April.
    11. Malafronte, Irma & Porzio, Claudio & Starita, Maria Grazia, 2016. "The nature and determinants of disclosure practices in the insurance industry: Evidence from European insurers," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 367-382.
    12. Ibrahim, Awad Elsayed Awad & Hussainey, Khaled & Nawaz, Tasawar & Ntim, Collins & Elamer, Ahmed, 2022. "A systematic literature review on risk disclosure research: State-of-the-art and future research agenda," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    13. Omaima Hassan & Claire Marston, 2010. "Disclosure measurement in the empirical accounting literature - a review article," Accountancy Discussion Papers 1004, Accountancy Research Group, Heriot Watt University.
    14. Cabedo Semper David & Tirado Beltrán José Miguel, 2014. "Risk disclosure and cost of equity: The Spanish case," Contaduría y Administración, Accounting and Management, vol. 59(4), pages 105-135, octubre-d.
    15. Alessandra Allini & Francesca Manes Rossi & Khaled Hussainey, 2016. "The board's role in risk disclosure: an exploratory study of Italian listed state-owned enterprises," Public Money & Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 36(2), pages 113-120, March.
    16. Ott, Christian, 2020. "The risks of mergers and acquisitions—Analyzing the incentives for risk reporting in Item 1A of 10-K filings," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 158-181.
    17. Elshandidy, Tamer & Ahmed, Yousry, 2023. "Stock price informativeness of risk disclosure: Does time orientation matter?," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 149-162.
    18. Richard Iyere Oghuma & Anthony O. Garuba, 2021. "Corporate governance and risk disclosures in Nigerian banks," Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, Educational Research Multimedia & Publications,India, vol. 12(1), pages 19-32, January.
    19. Raf Orens & Walter Aerts & Denis Cormier, 2010. "Web‐Based Non‐Financial Disclosure and Cost of Finance," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(9‐10), pages 1057-1093, November.
    20. Vitolla, Filippo & Raimo, Nicola & Campobasso, Francesco & Giakoumelou, Anastasia, 2023. "Risk disclosure in sustainability reports: Empirical evidence from the energy sector," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Risk disclosure; annual report; content analysis; systematic risk; unsystematic risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G3 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ebl:ecbull:eb-16-00531. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: John P. Conley (email available below). General contact details of provider: .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.