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Heimarbeit: immer weniger Menschen in Deutschland gehen ihrem Beruf von zu Hause aus nach

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  • Karl Brenke

Abstract

In 2012, almost five million people, or roughly 10 percent of the labor force in Germany, worked from home most or some of the time. Of these home workers, 2.7 million were employees, i.e., eight percent of the labor force. It is primarily highly qualified employees such as managers, academics, lawyers, publicists, engineers, or teachers who work from home; the majority has a university degree. However, there are also a large number of occupations with very few people working from home as the job is largely unsuitable for this mode of work. The discrepancies between men and women or different age groups remain small. In households with children, the mother or father are somewhat more likely to work from home. However, the decisive factor is the occupation itself. At the turn of the millennium, the number of people working from home initially increased, but dropped significantly from 2008 on and has been declining at double-digit rates in almost all professions since then. Yet overall employment in Germany has increased, as has the percentage of employees working from home in the European Union as a whole. Compared with other EU countries, Germany is somewhat below average when it comes to home working; in Scandinavia, and the remaining western and central European states, working from home is far more widespread. Knapp fünf Millionen Erwerbstätige haben ihren Beruf im Jahr 2012 hauptsächlich oder gelegentlich zu Hause ausgeübt. Das entspricht zwölf Prozent aller Erwerbstätigen. Davon waren 2,7 Millionen abhängig beschäftigt - acht Prozent aller Arbeitnehmer. Vor allem hoch qualifizierte Arbeitnehmer wie Manager, Wissenschaftler, Juristen, Publizisten, Ingenieure oder Lehrer arbeiten in den eigenen vier Wänden; die Mehrheit hat einen Hochschulabschluss. Es gibt jedoch auch viele Berufsgruppen, in denen sehr wenige Beschäftigte ihrem Job von zu Hause aus nachgehen, da sich ihre Tätigkeiten kaum dazu eignen. Die Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen oder verschiedenen Altersgruppen sind gering. Leben Kinder im Haus, arbeiten Vater oder Mutter etwas häufiger von zu Hause aus. Entscheidend aber ist der jeweilige Beruf. Nachdem es nach der Jahrtausendwende zunächst immer mehr Heimarbeiter gab, ging ihre Zahl ab 2008 in fast allen Berufsgruppen mit zweistelligen Raten zurück. Die Beschäftigung insgesamt nahm hingegen zu. Anders als in Deutschland ist der Anteil zu Hause berufstätiger Arbeitnehmer in der Europäischen Union gestiegen. Im EU-Vergleich bewegt sich die Bundesrepublik bei der häuslichen Erwerbstätigkeit im unteren Mittelfeld; in Skandinavien, den westeuropäischen und übrigen mitteleuropäischen Staaten ist sie weitaus stärker verbreitet.

Suggested Citation

  • Karl Brenke, 2014. "Heimarbeit: immer weniger Menschen in Deutschland gehen ihrem Beruf von zu Hause aus nach," DIW Wochenbericht, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 81(8), pages 131-139.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwwob:81-8-1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Stefanie Kley & Thordis Reimer, 2023. "Exploring the Gender Gap in Teleworking from Home. The Roles of Worker’s Characteristics, Occupational Positions and Gender Equality in Europe," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 168(1), pages 185-206, August.
    2. Viete, Steffen & Erdsiek, Daniel, 2015. "Mobile information and communication technologies, flexible work organization and labor productivity: Firm-level evidence," ZEW Discussion Papers 15-087, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    3. Arntz, Melanie & Ben Yahmed, Sarra & Berlingieri, Francesco, 2022. "Working from home, hours worked and wages: Heterogeneity by gender and parenthood," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    4. Miruna Sarbu, 2015. "Determinants of Work-at-Home Arrangements for German Employees," LABOUR, CEIS, vol. 29(4), pages 444-469, December.
    5. Arntz, Melanie & Ben Yahmed, Sarra & Berlingieri, Francesco, 2018. "Working from Home: Heterogenous Effects on Hours Worked and Wages," VfS Annual Conference 2018 (Freiburg, Breisgau): Digital Economy 181630, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    6. Stockton, Isabel & Bergemann, Annette & Brunow, Stephan, 2016. "There And Back Again: Women's Marginal Commuting Costs," VfS Annual Conference 2016 (Augsburg): Demographic Change 145919, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    7. Sarbu, Miruna, 2018. "The role of telecommuting for work-family conflict among German employees," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 37-51.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    working from home; Germany;

    JEL classification:

    • J81 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards - - - Working Conditions
    • J40 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Particular Labor Markets - - - General
    • J8 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Standards

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