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The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000–2019

Author

Listed:
  • Brian L. Rostron

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

  • Cindy M. Chang

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

  • Brittny C. Davis Lynn

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

  • Chunfeng Ren

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

  • Esther Salazar

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

  • Bridget K. Ambrose

    (US Food and Drug Administration)

Abstract

Background: The role of smoking in racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy in the United States has been examined previously, but up-to-date estimates are generally unavailable, even though smoking prevalence has declined in recent decades. Objective: We estimate the contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to observed differences in mortality and life expectancy for US African-American and white adults from 2000–2019. Methods: The indirect Preston–Glei–Wilmoth method was used with national vital statistics and population data and nationally representative never-smoker lung cancer death rates to estimate the smoking-attributable fraction (SAF) of deaths in the United States by sex-race group from 2000–2019. Mortality rates without smoking-attributable mortality were used to estimate life expectancy at age 50 (e_50) by group during the period. Results: African-American men had the highest estimated SAF during the period, beginning at 26.4% (95% CI:25.0%–27.8%) in 2000 and ending at 12.1% (95% CI:11.4%–12.8%) in 2019. The proportion of the difference in e_50 for white and African-American men that was due to smoking decreased from 27.7% to 14.8%. For African-American and white women, the estimated differences in e_50 without smoking-attributable mortality were similar to observed differences. Conclusions: Smoking continues to contribute to racial disparities in mortality and life expectancy among men in the United States. Contribution: We present updated estimates of the contribution of smoking to mortality differences in the United States using nationally representative data sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Brian L. Rostron & Cindy M. Chang & Brittny C. Davis Lynn & Chunfeng Ren & Esther Salazar & Bridget K. Ambrose, 2022. "The contribution of smoking-attributable mortality to differences in mortality and life expectancy among US African-American and white adults, 2000–2019," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 46(31), pages 905-918.
    • Handle: RePEc:dem:demres:v:46:y:2022:i:31
    DOI: 10.4054/DemRes.2022.46.31
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Orsi, J.M. & Margellos-Anast, H. & Whitman, S., 2010. "Black-white health disparities in the United States and Chicago: A 15-year progress analysis," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 100(2), pages 349-356.
    2. Jessica Ho & Irma Elo, 2013. "The Contribution of Smoking to Black-White Differences in U.S. Mortality," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(2), pages 545-568, April.
    3. Andrew Fenelon & Samuel Preston, 2012. "Estimating Smoking-Attributable Mortality in the United States," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 797-818, August.
    4. Goodarz Danaei & Eric L Ding & Dariush Mozaffarian & Ben Taylor & Jürgen Rehm & Christopher J L Murray & Majid Ezzati, 2009. "The Preventable Causes of Death in the United States: Comparative Risk Assessment of Dietary, Lifestyle, and Metabolic Risk Factors," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(4), pages 1-23, April.
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    JEL classification:

    • J1 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics
    • Z0 - Other Special Topics - - General

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