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Cambio técnico, inversión y reestructuración industrial en Colombia

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  • Juan José Echavarría

Abstract

“Se analiza en este trabajo la evolución de la inversión y el cambio técnico en la industria nacional durante los setentas y ochentas. La sección II ilustra el papel fundamental que ha jugado el cambio técnico en el crecimiento del país, y discute la versión "tradicional", según la cual la crisis de la industria colombiana obedece al menor dinamismo de dicha variable. Tal crisis habría comenzado en 1974, con caídas especialmente agudas en los ochentas. La sección III ilustra el enorme ajuste que sufrió la industria Colombiana durante los ochentas: las tasas de inversión fueron altas, y se presentaron despidos masivos de trabajadores, parcialmente sustituidos por empleos "temporales". La sección IV describe el cambio técnico en términos conceptuales, y analiza aspectos cualitativos del proceso de innovación en Colombia a partir de una encuesta a 50 firmas. Presenta posteriormente la evolución del cambio técnico en el país durante los setentas y ochentas, y estudia los factores que lo determinan. En términos generales, el trabajo cuestiona la validez de la versión "tradicional", ya que el patrón de acumulación difiere radicalmente en los setentas y ochentas: la industria no creció durante los setentas por falta de inversión; no lo hizo durante los ochentas por ausencia de cambio técnico. Plantea hipótesis preliminares para explicar lo sucedido. No se invirtió durante los setentas ante la baja rentabilidad relativa en el sector, y cayó la eficiencia productiva durante los ochentas al no ser posible reducir costos en un período de estancamiento. La evidencia empírica del trabajo confirma que la relación entre crecimiento industrial y productividad es de doble vía. La mayor productividad eleva el ritmo de crecimiento, pero sólo puede innovarse cuando el sector crece.”

Suggested Citation

  • Juan José Echavarría, 1990. "Cambio técnico, inversión y reestructuración industrial en Colombia," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 20(2), pages 103-126, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000438:013761
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Caves, Douglas W & Christensen, Laurits R, 1980. "The Relative Efficiency of Public and Private Firms in a Competitive Environment: The Case of Canadian Railroads," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 88(5), pages 958-976, October.
    2. Blomstrom, Magnus & Persson, Hakan, 1983. "Foreign investment and spillover efficiency in an underdeveloped economy: Evidence from the Mexican manufacturing industry," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 11(6), pages 493-501, June.
    3. Clague, Christopher, 1970. "The Determinants of Efficiency in Manufacturing Industries in an Underdeveloped Country," Economic Development and Cultural Change, University of Chicago Press, vol. 18(2), pages 188-205, January.
    4. Teitel, Simon, 1981. "Productivity, mechanization and skills: A test of the Hirschman hypothesis for Latin American industry," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 9(4), pages 355-371, April.
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    Cited by:

    1. Juan Mauricio Ramírez, 1997. "Competitividad de la industria colombiana en los ochenta y evolución reciente," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, September.
    2. Mauricio Cárdenas & Adriana Pontón C., 1993. "Crecimiento del PIB departamental en Colombia: 1950 - 1989," Coyuntura Social 13245, Fedesarrollo.
    3. Eduardo Lora, 1990. "Las "encuestas arancelarias" y la apertura económica," Coyuntura Económica, Fedesarrollo, vol. 20(2), pages 59-70, June.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Apertura Económica; Comercio Exterior; Reestructuración Industrial; Liberalización del Intercambio; Política Económica; Industria; Inversiones Industriales; Cambio Tecnológico; Exportaciones; Colombia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance
    • O30 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - General
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
    • F10 - International Economics - - Trade - - - General
    • L16 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Industrial Organization and Macroeconomics; Macroeconomic Industrial Structure
    • F13 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade Policy; International Trade Organizations

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