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Crisis económica y financiera, respuestas de política y su impacto sobre las finanzas públicas: una perspectiva global

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  • Enrique Alberola
  • Fernando Gutiérrez del Arroyo

    (Banco de España)

Abstract

El empeoramiento de la coyuntura económica y financiera desde el verano de 2007 y, sobre todo, el drástico agravamiento de la situación a partir de septiembre del año pasado están dejando profundas secuelas en las finanzas públicas de las principales economías desarrolladas y, en menor medida, de los países en vías de desarrollo. El deterioro de las finanzas públicas refleja la intensa reacción de las políticas económicas, a través de planes fiscales y medidas de apoyo al sistema financiero, aunque también, de modo creciente, la severa caída de la actividad económica y financiera. La respuesta de política económica no solo ha implicado a las autoridades fiscales, sino también a los bancos centrales y a otras entidades públicas —como los fondos de garantías de depósitos e instituciones financieras de carácter público o semipúblico—. En el gráfico 1 se representa de un modo simplificado el proceso de intensificación y creciente implicación de las distintas autoridades para el caso de Estados Unidos, mediante la cuantificación del apoyo proporcionado por la Reserva Federal y el Tesoro al sistema financiero, así como de las medidas de estímulo fiscal. Entre el verano de 2007 y marzo de 2008, los efectos de la turbulencia financiera sobre la actividad eran todavía relativamente moderados y su impacto se circunscribía a Estados Unidos y a un número cada vez mayor de economías desarrolladas. En ese período, el apoyo financiero estuvo basado, fundamentalmente, en la ampliación de la dotación de liquidez por parte de los bancos centrales y en rescates ocasionales de entidades específicas. Además, en Estados Unidos se puso en marcha un primer paquete de estímulo fiscal, en febrero de 2008. A partir de marzo de ese año (con el rescate de Bearn Stearns), la profundización de los problemas financieros llevó a una intensificación del apoyo, que siguió estando centrado en la provisión de liquidez. A mediados de septiembre, sin embargo, se produjo un gran salto cuantitativo y cuali
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)

Suggested Citation

  • Enrique Alberola & Fernando Gutiérrez del Arroyo, 2009. "Crisis económica y financiera, respuestas de política y su impacto sobre las finanzas públicas: una perspectiva global," Boletín, CEMLA, vol. 0(2), pages 58-73, Abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:cml:boletn:v:lv:y:2009:i:2:p:58-73
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Menzie Chinn & Jeffrey A. Frankel, 2007. "Will the Euro Eventually Surpass the Dollar as Leading International Reserve Currency?," NBER Chapters, in: G7 Current Account Imbalances: Sustainability and Adjustment, pages 283-338, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    2. Priscilla Chiu, 2003. "Transparency versus constructive ambiguity in foreign exchange intervention," BIS Working Papers 144, Bank for International Settlements.
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    1. Daniel Garrote & Jimena Llopis & Javier Vallés, 2013. "Los canales del desapalancamiento del sector privado: una comparación internacional," Boletín Económico, Banco de España, issue NOV, pages 69-80, Noviembre.

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