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Transmission and distribution coordination in power systems with high shares of distributed energy resources providing balancing and congestion management services

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  • Leandro Lind
  • Rafael Cossent
  • José Pablo Chaves‐Ávila
  • Tomás Gómez San Román

Abstract

This paper presents a literature review on the coordination between transmission and distribution grid operators in power systems, with particular emphasis on the provision of balancing and congestion management services. Firstly, a brief historical background is presented in order to highlight the ongoing changes current power systems are experiencing and that call for greater coordination between transmission system operators (TSO) and distribution system operators (DSO). These include the growth in distributed energy resources (DER), new roles to be adopted by both system operators (SO), and the integration of new agents such as independent aggregators. Next, the paper places its focus on a particular topic which, based on the review presented, is presumably considered as the most relevant issue requiring tighter cooperation mechanisms, that is, the procurement of balancing services from DER by TSOs whilst DSOs procures the same DER flexibility to manage local congestions. Four key elements are identified for this coordination to take place, namely (a) DER flexibility integration, (b) coordination schemes, (c) transmission‐distribution optimization, and (d) data exchange. For each one of them, the paper presents a literature review and identifies the main existing technical, economic, and regulatory barriers. These barriers include, among others, the limitation for small DER flexibility to participate in grid service markets, the challenges for independent aggregators, the technical barriers for optimizing a transmission‐distribution grid, and the lack of maturity in coordination schemes and TSO‐DSO data exchange models. This article is categorized under: Energy Systems Analysis > Systems and Infrastructure Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy

Suggested Citation

  • Leandro Lind & Rafael Cossent & José Pablo Chaves‐Ávila & Tomás Gómez San Román, 2019. "Transmission and distribution coordination in power systems with high shares of distributed energy resources providing balancing and congestion management services," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 8(6), November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:wireae:v:8:y:2019:i:6:n:e357
    DOI: 10.1002/wene.357
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Vijay, Rohit & Mathuria, Parul, 2024. "Common TSO-DSO market framework with no upfront priority to utilize DER flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    2. Rafal Dzikowski, 2020. "DSO–TSO Coordination of Day-Ahead Operation Planning with the Use of Distributed Energy Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-25, July.
    3. Peter D. Lund & John Byrne, 2020. "Little time left to reverse emissions—Growing hope despite disappointing CO2 trend," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(1), January.
    4. Neuhoff, Karsten & Richstein, Jörn C. & Kröger, Mats, 2023. "Reacting to changing paradigms: How and why to reform electricity markets," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C).
    5. Inna Čábelková & Wadim Strielkowski & Frank-Detlef Wende & Raisa Krayneva, 2020. "Factors Influencing the Threats for Urban Energy Networks: The Inhabitants’ Point of View," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-19, October.
    6. Hamzah Khan & Tariq Masood, 2022. "Impact of Blockchain Technology on Smart Grids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-27, September.
    7. Leandro Lind & Rafael Cossent & Pablo Frias, 2022. "TSO-DSO Coordination for the Procurement of Balancing and Congestion Management Services: Assessment of a meshed-to-meshed topology," Papers 2209.02360, arXiv.org.
    8. Chaves, J. P. & Cossent, R. & Gómez San Román, T. & Linares, P. & Rivier, M., 2023. "An assessment of the European electricity market reform options and a pragmatic proposal," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 2325, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    9. Luka Strezoski, 2023. "Distributed energy resource management systems—DERMS: State of the art and how to move forward," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(1), January.
    10. Lind, Leandro & Chaves-Ávila, José Pablo & Valarezo, Orlando & Sanjab, Anibal & Olmos, Luis, 2024. "Baseline methods for distributed flexibility in power systems considering resource, market, and product characteristics," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    11. Martin Palovic, 2022. "Coordination of power network operators as a game-theoretical problem," Bremen Energy Working Papers 0040, Bremen Energy Research.
    12. J.P. Chaves & R. Cossent & T. Gómez San Román & P. Linares & M. Rivier, 2023. "An assessment of the European electricity market reform options and a pragmatic proposal," Working Papers EPRG2305, Energy Policy Research Group, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    13. Waldemar Niewiadomski & Aleksandra Baczyńska, 2021. "Advanced Flexibility Market for System Services Based on TSO–DSO Coordination and Usage of Distributed Resources," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(17), pages 1-31, September.

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