IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/reesec/v29y2001i1p85-126.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts

Author

Listed:
  • Henrik Cronqvist
  • Peter Högfeldt
  • Mattias Nilsson

Abstract

We study diversificsation within the real estate industry because of its relative transparency: portfolio management of assets with well‐defined market prices. Diversification is over property types and geographical regions. The major cause of the diversification discount is not diversification per se but anticipated costs due to rent dissipation in future diversifying acquisitions. Firms expected to pursue nonfocusing strategies do indeed diversify more, are valued ex ante at a 20% discount over firms anticipated to follow a focusing strategy, are predominantly privately controlled and use dual‐class shares extensively. The ex ante diversification discount is, therefore, a measure of agency costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Henrik Cronqvist & Peter Högfeldt & Mattias Nilsson, 2001. "Why Agency Costs Explain Diversification Discounts," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 29(1), pages 85-126.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:29:y:2001:i:1:p:85-126
    DOI: 10.1111/1080-8620.00004
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1080-8620.00004
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1080-8620.00004?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    Other versions of this item:

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Zhilan Feng & Maneechit Pattanapanchai & S. McKay Price & C. F. Sirmans, 2021. "Geographic diversification in real estate investment trusts," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(1), pages 267-286, March.
    2. Chen Zheng & David Ling & Gianluca Marcato, 2018. "Do Property Locations Matter to IPO Valuation? Evidence from U.S. REITs," ERES eres2018_299, European Real Estate Society (ERES).
    3. Chongyu Wang & Tingyu Zhou, 2021. "Trade-offs between Asset Location and Proximity to Home: Evidence from REIT Property Sell-offs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 63(1), pages 82-121, July.
    4. Dick Boer & Dirk Brounen & Hans Op’t Veld, 2005. "Corporate Focus and Stock Performance International Evidence from Listed Property Markets," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 31(3), pages 263-281, November.
    5. David C. Ling & Chongyu Wang & Tingyu Zhou, 2021. "Institutional common ownership and firm value: Evidence from real estate investment trusts," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 49(1), pages 187-223, March.
    6. David C. Ling & Gianluca Marcato & Chen Zheng, 2022. "Does asset location and concentration explain REIT IPO valuation?," Real Estate Economics, American Real Estate and Urban Economics Association, vol. 50(3), pages 672-706, September.
    7. Kreppmeier, Julia & Laschinger, Ralf & Steininger, Bertram I. & Dorfleitner, Gregor, 2023. "Real estate security token offerings and the secondary market: Driven by crypto hype or fundamentals?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    8. Kevin Beaubrun‐Diant & Tristan‐Pierre Maury, 2022. "Corporate focus, residential assets, and the performance of French REITs," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 74(2), pages 599-621, April.
    9. James Chong & Alexandra Krystalogianni & Simon Stevenson, "undated". "Dynamic Correlations across REIT Sub-Sectors," Real Estate & Planning Working Papers rep-wp2011-07, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    10. Daniel Broxterman & Tingyu Zhou, 2023. "Information Frictions in Real Estate Markets: Recent Evidence and Issues," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 66(2), pages 203-298, February.
    11. Farooqi, Javeria & Harris, Oneil & Ngo, Thanh, 2014. "Corporate diversification, real activities manipulation, and firm value," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 130-151.
    12. Kreppmeier, Julia & Laschinger, Ralf & Steininger, Bertram & Dorfleitner, Gregor, 2023. "Real Estate Security Token Offerings and the Secondary Market: Driven by Crypto Hype or Fundamentals?," Working Paper Series 23/6, Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Real Estate and Construction Management & Banking and Finance.
    13. David Burnie & Adri De Ridder, 2009. "Bear Market Behavior of Institutional Investors in Sweden," American Journal of Business, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 24(1), pages 33-46, April.
    14. SeungHan Ro & Alan Ziobrowski, 2011. "Does Focus Really Matter? Specialized vs. Diversified REITs," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 68-83, January.
    15. Holmen, Martin & Hogfeldt, Peter, 2004. "A law and finance analysis of initial public offerings," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 324-358, July.
    16. Nicolas Kohl & Wolfgang Schaefers, 2012. "Corporate Governance and Market Valuation of Publicly Traded Real Estate Companies: Evidence from Europe," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 44(3), pages 362-393, April.
    17. Avis Devine & Isabelle Jolin & Nils Kok & Erkan Yönder, 2024. "How Gender Diversity Shapes Cities: Evidence from Risk Management Decisions in REITs," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 189(4), pages 723-741, February.
    18. Hartzell, Jay C. & Sun, Libo & Titman, Sheridan, 2014. "Institutional investors as monitors of corporate diversification decisions: Evidence from real estate investment trusts," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 61-72.
    19. James Chong & Alexandra Krystalogianni & Simon Stevenson, 2012. "Dynamic correlations between REIT sub-sectors and the implications for diversification," Applied Financial Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 22(13), pages 1089-1109, July.
    20. Eli Beracha & Zifeng Feng & William G. Hardin, 2019. "REIT Operational Efficiency: Performance, Risk, and Return," The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, Springer, vol. 58(3), pages 408-437, April.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • G30 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - General
    • G31 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Capital Budgeting; Fixed Investment and Inventory Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:reesec:v:29:y:2001:i:1:p:85-126. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/areueea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.