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Does Economic Sclerosis Set in with Age? An Empirical Study of the Olson Hypothesis

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  • JOHN JOSEPH WALLIS
  • WALLACE E. OATES

Abstract

SUMMARY MANCUR OLSON has suggested that the rate of economic growth declines as stable polities grow older, a proposition he tested using data from the United States in the 1960s. We reexamine OLSON'S hypothesis, using a large panel data set covering the twentieth century in the U.S. We find, first, that younger states typically had relatively large governments, rather than the smaller governments one might suspect if OLSON were correct. Second, we fail to find convincing evidence to support OLSON'S specific claim: that older states have, ceteris paribus, lower rates of economic growth. The only specification that supports the hypothesis is one in which population movements are attributed wholly to OLSONian forces. The obstacles to testing the OLSON hypothesis are formidable because of the difficulty of separating migration into OLSON and non‐OLSON components. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG MANCUR OLSON hat die Hypothese aufgestellt, dass das Wirtschaftswachstum mit dem zunehmenden Alter stabiler politischer Systeme abnimmt, und diese Hypothese mittels Daten aus den Vereinigten Staaten der sechziger Jahre getestet. Die Autoren überprüfen OLSONS Hypothese, wobei sie umfangreiches Datenmaterial verwenden, welches das 20.Jahrhundert in den USA abdeckt. Hiernach lässt sich kein überzeu‐gender Hinweis zur Stützung von OLSONS Behauptung finden. Die einzige Spezifika‐tion, welche die Hypothese unterstützt, ist jene, in welcher Bevölkerungsbewegungen vollständig OLSONschen Kräften zugeordnet werden. Die Hindernisse beim Testen der Hypothese sind gewaltig wegen der Schwierigkeiten, Wanderungen in OLSON‐und Nicht‐OLSON‐Komponenten zu unterteilen. RÉSUMÉ MANCUR OLSON a suggéré que le taux de croissance économique décline lorsque les structures politiques vieillissent, hypothèse qu'il a testée sur des données américaines de la fin des années 60. Nous reexaminons l'hypothèse d'OLSON en utilisant un vaste ensemble de données couvrant le 20e siècle aux Etats‐Unis. Nous avons d'abord trouvé que les jeunes états ont des gouvernments relativement étoffes, alors que si OLSON avait vu juste, ces gouvernements auraient du̧ȩtre plus réduits. En second lieu, nous n'avons pu trouver de preuve convaincante de l'affirmation principale d'OLSONà savoir que, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, les états les plus anciens connaissent des taux de croissance économique plus faibles. La seule caractéristique qui pourrait soutenir l'hypothèse est celle dans laquelle les mouvements de population sont attribués grossièrement aux forces olsoniennes. Mais il est extrèmement difficile de tester l'hypothèse d'OLSON car on a beaucoup de mal a séparer, dans les migrations, les composantes olsoniennes et non olsoniennes.

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  • John Joseph Wallis & Wallace E. Oates, 1988. "Does Economic Sclerosis Set in with Age? An Empirical Study of the Olson Hypothesis," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(3), pages 397-417, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:41:y:1988:i:3:p:397-417
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1988.tb01262.x
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    1. Persson, Torsten & Tabellini, Guido, 2002. "Political economics and public finance," Handbook of Public Economics, in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed.), Handbook of Public Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 24, pages 1549-1659, Elsevier.
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    4. Lars P. Feld & Gebhard Kirchgässner & Christoph A. Schaltegger, 2010. "Decentralized Taxation and the Size of Government: Evidence from Swiss State and Local Governments," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 77(1), pages 27-48, July.
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    6. Gebhard Kirchgassner, 2002. "The effects of fiscal institutions on public finance: a survey of the empirical evidence," Chapters, in: Stanley L. Winer & Hirofumi Shibata (ed.), Political Economy and Public Finance, chapter 9, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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    9. Theresa Hager, 2020. "Special Interest Groups and Growth: A Meta-Analysis of Mancur Olsons Theory," ICAE Working Papers 116, Johannes Kepler University, Institute for Comprehensive Analysis of the Economy.
    10. George R. Crowley, 2015. "Local Intergovernmental Competition and the Law of 1/n," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 81(3), pages 742-768, January.
    11. Alejandro U. Becerra-Ornelas & Hector M. Nuñez, 2019. "The technical efficiency of local economies in Mexico: a failure of decentralized public spending," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 62(2), pages 247-264, April.
    12. Zhu, Z. & Krug, B., 2005. "Is China a Leviathan?," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2005-087-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    13. Günther G. Schulze & Heinrich W. Ursprung, 1999. "Globalisation of the Economy and the Nation State," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 295-352, May.
    14. Eduardo Pontual Ribeiro & Cláudio Djissey Shikida, 2000. "Existe trade-off entre receitas próprias e transferências? O caso dos municípios mineiros," Anais do IX Seminário sobre a Economia Mineira [Proceedings of the 9th Seminar on the Economy of Minas Gerais], in: João Antonio de Paula & et alli (ed.),Anais do IX Seminário sobre a Economia Mineira, volume 1, pages 441-462, Cedeplar, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
    15. Jac C. Heckelman, 2007. "Explaining the Rain: The Rise and Decline of Nations after 25 Years," Southern Economic Journal, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 74(1), pages 18-33, July.
    16. Randall W. Eberts & Timothy J. Gronberg, 1992. "Wagner's hypothesis: a local perspective," Working Papers (Old Series) 9202, Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.
    17. Lars Feld, 2014. "James Buchanan’s theory of federalism: from fiscal equity to the ideal political order," Constitutional Political Economy, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 231-252, September.
    18. Boltho, Andrea & King, Robert, 1990. "Does high technology matter? An application to United States regional growth," Policy Research Working Paper Series 547, The World Bank.
    19. Zhu, Z. & Krug, B., 2005. "Is China a Leviathan?," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2004-103-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    20. Francisco Antonio Sousa De Araujo & Paulo De Melo Jorge Neto, 2016. "Competição Política, Grupos De Interesse E A Oferta De Serviços Públicos: Uma Análise Para Os Municípios Cearenses Nos Anos De 2005 E 2009," Anais do XLII Encontro Nacional de Economia [Proceedings of the 42nd Brazilian Economics Meeting] 064, ANPEC - Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-Graduação em Economia [Brazilian Association of Graduate Programs in Economics].
    21. Brunk, Gregory G. & Hunter, Kennith G., 2008. "An ecological perspective on interest groups and economic stagnation," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 194-212, February.
    22. Caporale, Tony & Leirer, Jonathan, 2010. "Take the money and run: Political turnover, rent-seeking and economic growth," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 76(2), pages 406-412, November.
    23. Cole, Ismail M., 2014. "Short- and long-term growth effects of special interest groups in the U.S. states: A dynamic panel error-correction approach," MPRA Paper 54455, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 02 Mar 2014.

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