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Estimating the Cost of Equity Capital for Property‐Liability Insurers

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  • J. David Cummins
  • Richard D. Phillips

Abstract

This article presents new evidence on the cost of equity capital by line of insurance for the property‐liability insurance industry. To do so we obtain firm beta estimates and then use the full‐information industry beta (FIB) methodology to decompose the cost of capital by line. We obtain full‐information beta estimates using the standard one‐factor capital asset pricing model and extend the FIB methodology to incorporate the Fama–French three‐factor cost of capital model. The analysis suggests the cost of capital for insurers using the Fama–French model is significantly higher than the estimates based upon the CAPM. In addition, we find evidence of significant differences in the cost of equity capital across lines.

Suggested Citation

  • J. David Cummins & Richard D. Phillips, 2005. "Estimating the Cost of Equity Capital for Property‐Liability Insurers," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 72(3), pages 441-478, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jrinsu:v:72:y:2005:i:3:p:441-478
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6975.2005.00132.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth A. Froot, 2007. "Risk Management, Capital Budgeting, and Capital Structure Policy for Insurers and Reinsurers," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 74(2), pages 273-299, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Semir Ben Ammar, 2020. "Catastrophe Risk and the Implied Volatility Smile," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 87(2), pages 381-405, June.
    2. John A. Major & Stephen J. Mildenhall, 2020. "Pricing and Capital Allocation for Multiline Insurance Firms With Finite Assets in an Imperfect Market," Papers 2008.12427, arXiv.org.
    3. Fred Lazar & Eliezer Z. Prisman, 2015. "Regulator's Determination of Return on Equity in the Absence of Public Firms: The Case of Automobile Insurance in Ontario," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 18(2), pages 199-216, September.
    4. Sabine Lemoyne de Forges & Ruben Bibas & Stéphane Hallegatte, 2001. "A dynamic model of extreme risk coverage : Resilience and e fficiency in the global reinsurance market," CIRED Working Papers halshs-00800460, HAL.
    5. Yu‐Luen Ma & Nat Pope & Xiaoying Xie, 2014. "Contingent Commissions, Insurance Intermediaries, and Insurer Performance," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 17(1), pages 61-81, March.
    6. Barnes, Michelle L. & Lopez, Jose A., 2006. "Alternative measures of the Federal Reserve Banks' cost of equity capital," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(6), pages 1687-1711, June.
    7. Ben Ammar, Semir & Eling, Martin & Milidonis, Andreas, 2015. "Asset Pricing of Financial Insitutions: The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns in the Property/Liability Insurance Industry," Working Papers on Finance 1516, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    8. Zariņa Ilze & Voronova Irina & Pettere Gaida, 2018. "Assessment of the Stability of Insurance Companies: The Case of Baltic Non-Life Insurance Market," Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 32(1), pages 102-111, May.
    9. Dionne, Georges & Harrington, Scott, 2017. "Insurance and Insurance Markets," Working Papers 17-2, HEC Montreal, Canada Research Chair in Risk Management.
    10. J. Cummins & Xiaoying Xie, 2013. "Efficiency, productivity, and scale economies in the U.S. property-liability insurance industry," Journal of Productivity Analysis, Springer, vol. 39(2), pages 141-164, April.
    11. J. François Outreville, 2011. "The relationship between insurance growth and economic development - 80 empirical papers for a review of the literature," ICER Working Papers 12-2011, ICER - International Centre for Economic Research.
    12. Ben Ammar, Semir & Eling, Martin & Milidonis, Andreas, 2018. "The cross-section of expected stock returns in the property/liability insurance industry," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 292-321.
    13. J. David Cummins & Olivier Mahul, 2009. "Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries : Principles for Public Intervention," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 6289, April.
    14. Thomas Post & Helmut Gründl & Lisa Schmidl & Mark S. Dorfman, 2007. "Implications of IFRS for the European Insurance Industry—Insights From Capital Market Theory," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 10(2), pages 247-265, September.
    15. Mathieu Gatumel, 2008. "Relevancy of the Cost-of-Capital Rate for the Insurance Companies," Post-Print halshs-00348881, HAL.
    16. Ben Ammar, Semir, 2016. "Pricing of Catastrophe Risk and the Implied Volatility Smile," Working Papers on Finance 1617, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    17. Elango, B., 2009. "Minimizing effects of 'liability of foreignness': Response strategies of foreign firms in the United States," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 51-62, January.
    18. Giaccotto, Carmelo & Lin, Xiao & Zhao, Yanhui, 2020. "Term structure of discount rates for firms in the insurance industry," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 147-158.
    19. Shirasu Yoko & Komoribayashi Katsuya & Moridaira Soichiro, 2009. "Estimation of Capital Beta and Cost of Capital: A Focus on Japanese Property-liability Insurance Companies and Lines of Business," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 3(2), pages 1-18, April.
    20. J. François Outreville, 2013. "The Relationship Between Insurance and Economic Development: 85 Empirical Papers for a Review of the Literature," Risk Management and Insurance Review, American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 16(1), pages 71-122, March.

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