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Privatization Bolivian style: a cautionary tale

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  • Benjamin Kohl

Abstract

This article examines the long term impacts of Bolivia's partial privatization of state‐owned enterprises, known as capitalization. Despite attempting to introduce an innovative social component to distribute the benefits of privatization to Bolivian citizens, the lack of an adequate government regulatory structure meant that capitalization was unable to meet most of its objectives. While foreign direct investment rose between 1995 and 2000, these investments created few jobs and the taxes paid by the privatized companies failed to replace the revenue they had previously provided to the government. Capitalization has not reduced corruption but, rather, shifted the locus of rent seeking from the public to the private sector. The perception of the privatization of public resources led to increased social protest and political instability. The cycle of protests culminated with the resignation of the president in October 2003 following protests that left over 70 civilians dead. Rather than create a climate favorable for free markets, capitalization served as a catalyst to mobilize popular protest against neoliberal restructuring and may threaten the neoliberal economic policies in Bolivia in the coming years. Cet article étudie les impacts à long terme de la privatisation partielle des entreprises publiques boliviennes, désignée par ‘capitalisation’. Malgré la tentative d'introduction d'une composante sociale originale visant à distribuer les bénéfices de la privatisation aux Boliviens, l'absence de structure régulatrice gouvernementale adéquate a empêché la ‘capitalisation’ d'atteindre la plupart de ses objectifs. Même si l'investissement direct de l'étranger a progressé entre 1995 et 2000, ces fonds ont créé peu d'emplois et les charges fiscales payées par les entreprises privatisées n'ont pas remplacé les recettes qu'elles apportaient auparavant au gouvernement. La ‘capitalisation’ n'a pas atténué la corruption, décalant plutôt la scène du parasitisme du secteur public vers le secteur privé. La perception de la privatisation des ressources publiques a accentué agitation sociale et instabilité politique. Le cycle de protestation a atteint son apogée avec la démission du Président en octobre 2003 après des manifestations ayant fait 70 morts parmi la population. Au lieu de créer un climat favorable à la liberté de marché, la ‘capitalisation’ a servi de catalyseur à la mobilisation de l'opposition populaire contre la reconstruction néolibérale, mettant ainsi en péril les politiques économiques néolibérales de la Bolivie dans les années à venir.

Suggested Citation

  • Benjamin Kohl, 2004. "Privatization Bolivian style: a cautionary tale," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 28(4), pages 893-908, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:28:y:2004:i:4:p:893-908
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00558.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Strange,Susan, 1996. "The Retreat of the State," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521564298, Enero-Abr.
    2. Barja, Gover & Urquiola, Miguel, 2003. "Capitalization, regulation and the poor: access to basic services in Bolivia," EconStor Open Access Book Chapters, in: Utility Privatization and Regulation, pages 203-233, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics.
    3. Strange,Susan, 1996. "The Retreat of the State," Cambridge Books, Cambridge University Press, number 9780521564403, Enero-Abr.
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    1. Poupeau, Franck, 2011. "L’envers de la « ville aymara ». Migration rurale, mobilité intra-urbaine et mobilisations politiques à El Alto (Bolivie)," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement (RAEStud), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), vol. 92(4).
    2. Franck Poupeau, 2011. "L’envers de la « ville aymara ». Migration rurale, mobilité intra-urbaine et mobilisations politiques à El Alto (Bolivie)," Review of Agricultural and Environmental Studies - Revue d'Etudes en Agriculture et Environnement, INRA Department of Economics, vol. 92(4), pages 417-440.
    3. Sarah BOTTON & Sébastien HARDY & Franck POUPEAU, 2017. "Water from the heights, water from the grassroots: the Governance of common dynamics and public services in La Paz-El Alto," Working Paper af116c25-9d27-46bd-bbbc-3, Agence française de développement.
    4. Sarah Botton & Sébastien Hardy & Franck Poupeau, 2017. "Water from the Heights, Water from the Grassroots," World Bank Publications - Reports 26097, The World Bank Group.

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