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The Vikings have landed – Denmark's decision to tax livestock emissions as a ‘game changer’

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  • David Blandford

Abstract

From 2030, Denmark will impose a carbon tax on livestock emissions as part of a package of measures to address climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture. The Danish scheme is particularly noteworthy in being designed with the cooperation of farmers, as well as industry and environmental groups. Revenue generated from the tax will be used to help finance adaptation components of the package. Although the size of the tax is not large, it will have important implications. It increases pressure for a unified EU policy response to the use of carbon taxes for agriculture. Future policy fragmentation may increase tensions among Members over potential ‘carbon leakage’ through the free movement of agricultural products in the single market; not just through imports from third countries. The Danish action opens the door to the commercialisation of ‘green credentials’ for well‐known Danish brands of livestock products. This could have implications for the competitive position of other important suppliers of such products. Without a shared collective response to internalising the costs of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, it will be difficult for the EU to chart a harmonious path to achieving its ambitious climate goals for 2030 and beyond. À partir de 2030, le Danemark imposera une taxe carbone sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre de l'élevage dans le cadre d'un ensemble de mesures visant à atténuer le changement climatique et à s'y adapter dans l'agriculture. Le programme danois est particulièrement remarquable car il a été conçu avec la coopération d'agriculteurs ainsi que de groupes industriels et environnementaux. Les revenus générés par la taxe serviront à financer les composantes d'adaptation du programme. Même si le montant de la taxe n'est pas important, elle aura des implications importantes. Elle accroît la pression en faveur d'une réponse unifiée de l'Union européenne au recours aux taxes carbone pour l'agriculture. La future fragmentation des politiques pourrait accroître les tensions entre les États membres concernant d'éventuelles « fuites de carbone » dues à la libre circulation des produits agricoles dans le marché unique et pas seulement par le biais des importations en provenance de pays tiers. L'action danoise ouvre la porte à la commercialisation de « références vertes » pour des marques danoises bien connues de produits d'élevage. Cela pourrait avoir des implications sur la position concurrentielle d'autres fournisseurs importants de ces produits. Sans une réponse collective commune à l'internalisation des coûts des émissions de gaz à effet de serre provenant de l'agriculture, il sera difficile pour l'Union européenne de tracer une voie harmonieuse pour atteindre ses objectifs climatiques ambitieux pour 2030 et au‐delà. Als Teil eines Maßnahmenpakets zur Eindämmung des und Anpassung an den Klimawandel in der Landwirtschaft, wird Dänemark ab 2030 eine Kohlenstoffsteuer auf die Emissionen in der Tierhaltung erheben. Die dänische Vorgehensweise ist besonders hervorzuheben, da sie in Zusammenarbeit mit der Landwirtschaft sowie Industrie‐ und Umweltgruppen entwickelt wurde. Die Einnahmen aus der Steuer werden zur Finanzierung der Anpassungsmaßnahmen des Pakets verwendet. Obwohl die Steuer nicht sehr hoch ist, wird sie erhebliche Auswirkungen haben, denn sie erhöht den Druck für eine einheitliche politische Antwort der EU bezüglich der Verwendung von Kohlenstoffsteuern in der Landwirtschaft. Eine zukünftige weitere Zersplitterung der Politiken könnte Spannungen zwischen den Mitgliedstaaten über mögliche Verlagerungen von Kohlenstoffemissionen durch den freien Verkehr von Agrarprodukten im Binnenmarkt verstärken, und zwar nicht nur durch Importe aus Drittländern. Die dänische Maßnahme eröffnet die Möglichkeit der Vermarktung "grüner Referenzen" für bekannte dänische Marken tierischer Produkte. Dies könnte Auswirkungen auf die Wettbewerbsposition anderer wichtiger Anbieter solcher Produkte haben. Ohne eine gemeinsame kollektive Antwort auf die Internalisierung der Kosten der Treibhausgasemissionen aus der Landwirtschaft wird es für die EU schwierig sein, einen harmonischen Weg zur Erreichung ihrer ehrgeizigen Klimaziele für 2030 und darüber hinaus zu finden.

Suggested Citation

  • David Blandford, 2024. "The Vikings have landed – Denmark's decision to tax livestock emissions as a ‘game changer’," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 23(3), pages 38-41, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:23:y:2024:i:3:p:38-41
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12440
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. David Blandford, 2021. "We Should Focus on Food Consumption to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(2), pages 18-22, August.
    2. John Lynch & Tara Garnett, 2021. "Policy to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Is Agricultural Methane a Special Case?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 20(2), pages 11-17, August.
    3. Jibran Punthakey & Hugo Valin & Martin von Lampe, 2023. "Does Agricultural Support Help with Climate Change Mitigation Efforts?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(1), pages 28-29, April.
    4. Gwen DeBoe & Koen Deconinck & Ben Henderson & Jussi Lankoski, 2020. "Reforming Agricultural Policies Will Help to Improve Environmental Performance," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(1), pages 30-35, April.
    5. Alisa Spiegel & Claudia Heidecke & Julio G. Fournier Gabela & Davit Stepanyan & Mareike Söder & Florian Freund & Alexander Gocht & Martin Banse & Bernhard Osterburg, 2024. "Climate Change Mitigation in Agriculture beyond 2030: Options for Carbon Pricing and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanisms," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 23(1), pages 19-27, April.
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    1. Zhang, Xiaodi, 2025. "Integrating policy design with agricultural emissions reduction in China: A multi-sector DSGE Approach," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 2019-2048.
    2. Bang, Rasmus & Samsonstuen, Stine & Hansen, Bjørn Gunnar & Guajardo, Mario & Møller, Hanne & Sommerseth, Jon Kristian & Goez, Julio Cesar & Flaten, Ola, 2025. "Win-win or lose-win? Economic-climatic synergies and trade-offs in dual-purpose cattle systems," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

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