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The Current State of the Russian Agricultural Sector

Author

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  • Ilya Kuzminov
  • Leonid Gokhberg
  • Thomas Thurner
  • Elena Khabirova

Abstract

Russia's agriculture produces around 3.7 per cent of the country's GDP, employs 9.2 per cent of the national workforce and contributes around 6 per cent of the country's exports. The sector has shown remarkable resilience in the face of wider economic turbulence. Self†sufficiency rates for the main agricultural commodities are relatively high. Agricultural exports have grown very significantly since 2000 especially for wheat and meslin (wheat and rye mixture). Meat production has been growing steadily, particularly in the poultry and pork sectors. Whilst the agri†food sector has great potential to play an even more prominent role in Russia's economy, it suffers from relatively low productivity and an outdated technological base. The main drive for efficiency has come mainly from the relatively large†scale agricultural firms, who generated more than half of the total value of agricultural output in 2016. Foreign policy instability, including economic sanctions, the devaluation of the national currency and declining economic growth have weakened the sector and caused an increase in the prices of imported goods and equipment. At the same time Russian products have replaced high value†added imports and Russia's agricultural producers are expanding into new markets.L'agriculture russe produit environ 3.7 pour cent du PIB du pays, emploie 9.2 pour cent de la main†d’œuvre nationale et contribue pour environ 6 pour cent aux exportations du pays. Le secteur a fait preuve d'une résilience remarquable face aux turbulences économiques plus larges. Les taux d'autosuffisance pour les principaux produits agricoles primaires sont relativement élevés. Les exportations agricoles ont augmenté de manière très nette depuis 2000, en particulier pour le blé et le méteil (mélange de blé et de seigle). La production de viande a régulièrement augmenté, en particulier dans les secteurs de la volaille et du porc. Le secteur agroalimentaire pourrait jouer un rôle encore plus important dans l’économie russe, mais il souffre d'une productivité relativement faible et d'une base technologique dépassée. Les entreprises agricoles de relativement grande taille, qui ont généré plus de la moitié de la valeur totale de la production agricole en 2016, sont le principal moteur de l'efficience du secteur. L'instabilité de la politique étrangère, y compris les sanctions économiques, la dévaluation de la monnaie nationale et le ralentissement de la croissance économique ont affaibli le secteur et provoqué une augmentation des prix des biens et équipements importés. Dans le même temps, les produits russes ont remplacé les importations à forte valeur ajoutée et les producteurs agricoles russes sont en train de gagner de nouveaux marchés.Die russische Landwirtschaft erwirtschaftet etwa 3.7 Prozent des Bruttoinlandsprodukts, sie beschäftigt 9.2 Prozent der einheimischen Arbeitskräfte und trägt etwa 6 Prozent zu den Exporten des Landes bei. Angesichts der allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Turbulenzen hat sich der Sektor als bemerkenswert robust erwiesen. Die Selbstversorgungsgrade bei den wichtigsten landwirtschaftlichen Rohstoffen sind relativ hoch. Seit dem Jahr 2000 sind die Agrarexporte vor allem bei Weizen und Mengkorn (eine Mischung aus Weizen und Roggen) sehr stark angestiegen. Die Fleischproduktion ist stetig gewachsen, insbesondere in den Bereichen Geflügel†und Schweinefleisch. Obwohl der Agrar†und Ernährungssektor großes Potential hat, eine noch wichtigere Rolle in der russischen Wirtschaft zu spielen, leidet er unter einer relativ niedrigen Produktivität und einer veralteten Technologie. Effizienzsteigerungen sind vor allem auf die relativ großen landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe zurückzuführen, die im Jahr 2016 mehr als die Hälfte des Gesamtwerts der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion erwirtschafteten. Die außenpolitische Instabilität, einschließlich Wirtschaftssanktionen, die Abwertung der nationalen Währung und ein sinkendes Wirtschaftswachstum haben den Sektor geschwächt und einen Preisanstieg für importierte Güter und Ausrüstung verursacht. Gleichzeitig haben russische Produkte die Importe mit hoher Wertschöpfung ersetzt und Russlands landwirtschaftliche Erzeuger expandieren in neue Märkte.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilya Kuzminov & Leonid Gokhberg & Thomas Thurner & Elena Khabirova, 2018. "The Current State of the Russian Agricultural Sector," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 17(1), pages 52-57, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:17:y:2018:i:1:p:52-57
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12184
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rajagopal, 2014. "Organizations and Innovation," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Architecting Enterprise, chapter 3, pages 58-86, Palgrave Macmillan.
    2. Liefert, William & Liefert, Olga, 2015. "Russia's Potential to Increase Grain Production by Expanding Area," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 212045, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    3. Thomas Wolfgang Thurner & Stanislav Zaichenko, 2015. "The Feeding Of The Nine Billion — A Case For Technology Transfer In Agriculture," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 19(02), pages 1-26.
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    1. Ballatore, Benedetto Francesco, 2021. "The importance of Russia’s agricultural sector in the MENA geopolitics," MPRA Paper 106440, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 05 Mar 2021.
    2. Daria Loginova & Judith Irek, 2022. "Russian meat price transmission and policy interventions in 2014," Agricultural and Food Economics, Springer;Italian Society of Agricultural Economics (SIDEA), vol. 10(1), pages 1-28, December.

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