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Early transition markers, opportunities, and limitations that define pathways into the labour market from adolescence to adulthood in South Africa

Author

Listed:
  • Laura Rossouw
  • Kathryn Grace Watt
  • Furzana Timol
  • Leslie L. Davidson
  • Chris Desmond

Abstract

Motivation The transition from adolescence to adulthood encompasses key social changes. NEET status (Not in Education, Employment or Training) during this period disrupts this transition and alters an adolescent's life course. This is of particular concern in South Africa, a middle‐income country with one of the world's highest rates of youth unemployment. Purpose The pathway to becoming NEET emerges over time by accumulating risks in early life and adolescence. Early‐life adversities can increase the probability of events associated with becoming NEET. We aim to identify early‐life and adolescent predictors of events associated with becoming NEET, as well as predictors of NEET status itself. Methods and approach We analyse four rounds of longitudinal data from a sample of 1,174 adolescents growing up in peri‐urban KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa. Using a socioecological life‐course model, we create two overlapping analytic cohorts and two NEET vulnerability indices to evaluate whether risks for vulnerability in schooling (early outcomes) are similar to those affecting post‐schooling education and labour‐market outcomes (later outcomes). We use a linear probability model to analyse the relationship between the vulnerability indices and the range of risk factors in the socioecological life‐course model. Findings A strong predictor of both NEET vulnerability indices includes reporting feeling hopeless about the future. Other significant predictors include behavioural factors (getting pregnant or impregnating someone during adolescence, and drinking alcohol before age 16), family structure (residing with one's biological mother in early adolescence was protective) and demographics (age). Policy implications By deepening our understanding of how individual and contextual characteristics shape the transition into productive adulthood through a life‐course approach, we can identify possible early intervention points lost once young people become NEET.

Suggested Citation

  • Laura Rossouw & Kathryn Grace Watt & Furzana Timol & Leslie L. Davidson & Chris Desmond, 2025. "Early transition markers, opportunities, and limitations that define pathways into the labour market from adolescence to adulthood in South Africa," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 43(2), March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:devpol:v:43:y:2025:i:2:n:e12829
    DOI: 10.1111/dpr.12829
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chris Desmond & Janet Seeley & Candice Groenewald & Nothando Ngwenya & Kate Rich & Tony Barnett, 2019. "Interpreting social determinants: Emergent properties and adolescent risk behaviour," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-17, December.
    2. Chris Desmond & Kathryn Watt & Sara Naicker & Jere Behrman & Linda Richter, 2024. "Girls' schooling is important but insufficient to promote equality for boys and girls in childhood and across the life course," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 42(1), January.
    3. Ariane De Lannoy & Gibson Mudiriza, 2019. "A profile of young NEETs: Unpacking the heterogeneous nature of young people not in employment, education or training in South Africa," SALDRU Working Papers 249, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
    4. Vimal Ranchhod & David Lam & Murray Leibbrandt & Leticia Marteleto, 2011. "Estimating the effect of adolescent fertility on educational attainment in Cape Town using a propensity score weighted regression," SALDRU Working Papers 59, Southern Africa Labour and Development Research Unit, University of Cape Town.
    5. Berzin, Stephanie Cosner, 2010. "Vulnerability in the transition to adulthood: Defining risk based on youth profiles," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 487-495, April.
    6. Martin Gustafsson, 2011. "The when and how of leaving school: The policy implications of new evidence on secondary schooling in South Africa," Working Papers 09/2011, Stellenbosch University, Department of Economics.
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