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Public Responses to Agricultural Disasters: Rethinking the Role of Government

Author

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  • Barry K. Goodwin
  • Ligia A. Vado

Abstract

We provide a broad overview of the role and history of federal disaster relief in U.S. agriculture. We discuss various economic arguments that may be used as justification for such disaster relief and subsidized insurance programs. In general, we find no persuasive argument that market failure justifies subsidized risk management activities by the government. Important exceptions exist in the case of catastrophic damages to public infrastructure, invasive and communicable disease threats, and the hazards posed by accidental or deliberate contamination of food supplies in that the presence of significant transactions costs may inhibit private market solutions. We also consider a panel VAR analysis of the dynamic interrelationships among market returns and farm program payments conveyed under three different types of programs—disaster assistance, crop insurance, and all other direct payments. An important finding is that disaster and insurance payments appear to imply higher subsequent levels of market income risk in agriculture. This finding is consistent with arguments that subsidized disaster assistance and insurance may lead to greater risk in agriculture. Nous présentons un large aperçu du rôle et de l'historique du programme fédéral d'assistance en cas de catastrophe agricole aux États‐Unis. Nous analysons différents arguments économiques qui peuvent justifier ces programmes d'aide et d'assurance subventionnés. En général, nous ne trouvons aucun argument convaincant comme quoi une défaillance de marché justifie des activités de gestion du risque subventionnées par le gouvernement. Cependant, des exceptions importantes existent pour les cas de dommages catastrophiques à des infrastructures publiques; de menaces de maladies contagieuses et invasives; et de dangers associés à la contamination accidentelle ou délibérée de la chaîne alimentaire, auquel cas les coûts de transaction importants pourraient inhiber les solutions du marché privé. Nous considérons également une analyse panel VAR des relations entre les rendements de marché et les paiements versés en vertu de trois types de programme: assistance en cas de catastrophe, assurance récolte et tout autre type de paiement direct. Nous en arrivons à la conclusion importante que les paiements d'assurance et d'aide aux sinistrés semblent mener à des niveaux de risque relatif au revenu marchand plus élevés dans le secteur de l'agriculture. Ceci concorde avec les arguments voulant que les programmes subventionnés d'assurance et d'assistance en cas de catastrophe mènent à une augmentation des risques dans le secteur de l'agriculture.

Suggested Citation

  • Barry K. Goodwin & Ligia A. Vado, 2007. "Public Responses to Agricultural Disasters: Rethinking the Role of Government," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 55(4), pages 399-417, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:55:y:2007:i:4:p:399-417
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7976.2007.00099.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Eric J Belasco & Joseph Cooper & Vincent H Smith, 2020. "The Development of a Weather‐based Crop Disaster Program," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 102(1), pages 240-258, January.
    2. Tatyana Deryugina & Barrett Kirwan, 2018. "Does The Samaritan'S Dilemma Matter? Evidence From U.S. Agriculture," Economic Inquiry, Western Economic Association International, vol. 56(2), pages 983-1006, April.
    3. Clark, J. Stephen & Thibodeau, David R. & Grant, K. Gary & Prochazkova, Katerina, 2008. "Disease Outbreaks and Agricultural Trade: The Case of Potatoes," Working Papers 43464, Canadian Agricultural Trade Policy Research Network.
    4. Ramirez, Octavio A. & Carpio, Carlos E. & Rejesus, Roderick M., 2011. "Can Crop Insurance Premiums Be Reliably Estimated?," Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association, vol. 40(1), pages 1-14, April.
    5. Thibodeau, David R. & Clark, J. Stephen, 2009. "Government support, transfer efficiency, and moral hazard within heterogeneous regions in Canadian Agriculture," 2009 Conference, August 16-22, 2009, Beijing, China 51806, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Bulut, Harun & Collins, Keith J., 2013. "Political Economy of Crop Insurance Risk Subsidies under Imperfect Information," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 150577, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    7. Chen, Xuan & Goodwin, Barry K., 2013. "Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Lightning Fires on Forestland: A Compensation Scheme," 2013 Annual Meeting, August 4-6, 2013, Washington, D.C. 151285, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    8. Joseph P. Janzen & Trey Malone & K. Aleks Schaefer & Daniel P. Scheitrum, 2023. "Political returns to ad hoc farm payments?," Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 45(1), pages 555-578, March.
    9. Bulut, Harun, 2017. "Managing Catastrophic Risk in Agriculture through Ex Ante Subsidized Insurance or Ex Post Disaster Aid," Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Western Agricultural Economics Association, vol. 42(3), September.
    10. Scott Callahan, 2018. "Agricultural Disaster Payments: Are They Still Politically Allocated?," Working Papers 18-14, Department of Economics, Appalachian State University.
    11. Tejeda, Hernan A. & Goodwin, Barry K., 2008. "Modeling Crop prices through a Burr distribution and Analysis of Correlation between Crop Prices and Yields using a Copula method," 2008 Annual Meeting, July 27-29, 2008, Orlando, Florida 6061, American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association).

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