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Une analyse socio‐économique de la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'entreprise sociale : le cas de la Corée du Sud

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  • Eric Bidet
  • Hyungsik Eum

Abstract

As a unique case in Asia, South Korea has developed for about 15 years a complex eco‐system for encouraging the promotion of various forms of social enterprises, i.e. enterprises pursuing a social aim and/or operating under a democratic governance. This paper analyses the institutional trajectory of social enterprise in Korea and its close relation with the concept of social economy. A socio‐economic analysis of this trajectory reveals that it is strongly driven by successive consensus towards socially useful organisational forms that remain first relatively unknown and local, and then tend to attract the attention of a growing number of stakeholders, including central and local governments, to eventually generate specific public schemes and laws. Through this analysis, one can understand how far an economic concept like social enterprise is the result of a social construct that depends on the involvement of the public side and the civil society and social movement. It also stresses how important is the decisive role played by relatively minor actors to generate a consensus between different stakeholders and disseminate thus social innovation to reshape public action and public/private forms of partnerships. La Corée du sud est l'un des seuls pays d'Asie à avoir construit, en une quinzaine d'années, un écosystème complexe et ambitieux pour la promotion de formes d'entreprises à finalité sociale, que l'on range ici sous l'appellation générique « entreprise sociale ». Cet article s'attache à analyser la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'entreprise sociale dans le contexte sud‐coréen où celle‐ci tend désormais à être intégrée dans le concept d’économie sociale. Une analyse socio‐économique de cette trajectoire institutionnelle montre l’émergence de consensus successifs vis à vis de formes organisationnelles, nouvelles ou restées assez confidentielles et locales, considérées comme socialement utiles et à ce titre encouragées par différentes parties prenantes et notamment par les pouvoirs publics qui mettent progressivement en place des dispositifs visant à favoriser leur développement et leur pérennisation. A travers l'exemple coréen, on perçoit la dynamique de diffusion de l'innovation sociale et la manière dont certains acteurs minoritaires parviennent à faire accepter leur point de vue grâce à leur capacité à générer un consensus entre les parties prenantes et contribuent ainsi à renouveler les formes de l'action publique et du partenariat public/privé.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Bidet & Hyungsik Eum, 2022. "Une analyse socio‐économique de la trajectoire institutionnelle de l'entreprise sociale : le cas de la Corée du Sud," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 93(1), pages 229-247, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:annpce:v:93:y:2022:i:1:p:229-247
    DOI: 10.1111/apce.12310
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Roger Spear & Eric Bidet, 2005. "Social enterprise for work integration in 12 european countries: a descriptive analysis," Post-Print hal-02319198, HAL.
    2. Jinseon SEO & Woosuk CHOI, 2016. "WHAT DETERMINANTS AFFECT THE CAPITAL STRUCTURE OF CONSUMER CO-OPERATIVES? THE CASE OF iCOOP KOREA," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 87(1), pages 117-135, December.
    3. repec:hal:journl:hal-02319234 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Jacques Defourny & Marthe Nyssens, 2010. "Conceptions of Social Enterprise and Social Entrepreneurship in Europe and the United States: Convergences and Divergences," Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 1(1), pages 32-53, March.
    5. Alex Nicholls, 2010. "The Legitimacy of Social Entrepreneurship: Reflexive Isomorphism in a Pre–Paradigmatic Field," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 34(4), pages 611-633, July.
    6. ., 2019. "Social trust and economic development in Korea," Chapters, in: Social Trust and Economic Development, chapter 4, pages 119-141, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    7. Nadine Richez-Battesti & Francesca Petrella & Delphine Vallade, 2012. "L'innovation sociale, une notion aux usages pluriels : Quels enjeux et défis pour l'analyse ?," Innovations, De Boeck Université, vol. 0(2), pages 15-36.
    8. Roger Spear & Eric Bidet, 2005. "Social enterprise for work integration in 12 european countries: a descriptive analysis," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 76(2), pages 195-231, June.
    9. Eric Bidet, 2000. "Économie sociale et nouveaux pays industrialisés: Le cas de la Corée du sud," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 71(3), pages 375-414, September.
    10. Eunju CHOI & Woosuk CHOI & Seungkwon JANG & Sangsun PARK, 2014. "Does The Effectiveness Of Board Of Directors Affect Firm Performance Of Consumer Co-Operatives? The Case Of Icoop Korea," Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 85(3), pages 371-386, September.
    11. Eric Bidet & Jacques Defourny, 2019. "Social enterprise in Asia: Theory, models and practice," Post-Print hal-02319210, HAL.
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