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Estimating the impact of farmer field schools in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of cocoa

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  • Francis Tsiboe
  • Bruce L. Dixon
  • Lawton L. Nalley
  • Jennie S. Popp
  • Jeff Luckstead

Abstract

This study measures the economic impact of the first phase of the Cocoa Livelihood Program (CLP-I), a current World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) project, sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and aimed at improving the livelihood of over 200,000 small cocoa producers in sub-Saharan Africa via training, crop diversification, and farmer-based organizations. Using data collected from 2,048 pre- and post-CLP-I interviews of cocoa producers in Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Cameroon, the results show that yield enhancements attributable to CLP-I are 32%, 34%, 50%, and 62% in Ghana, Côte d'Ivoire, Nigeria, and Cameroon, respectively. Using a total program cost of $151–$200 per beneficiary and estimated annual benefits of $109–$322 per beneficiary over 25 years, the benefit-cost ratios are estimated to range from $18 to $62 for every dollar spent on human capital development. These results suggest the WCF should endeavor to increase the number of farmers who receive all, not some, of the components of the program. This would not only help ensure that each producer obtains as much human capital as possible from each of the training programs but increases the probability of reaching the CLP goal of doubling the income of cocoa-growing households.

Suggested Citation

  • Francis Tsiboe & Bruce L. Dixon & Lawton L. Nalley & Jennie S. Popp & Jeff Luckstead, 2016. "Estimating the impact of farmer field schools in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of cocoa," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 47(3), pages 329-339, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:agecon:v:47:y:2016:i:3:p:329-339
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/agec.12233
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Meyer, Bruce D, 1995. "Natural and Quasi-experiments in Economics," Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, American Statistical Association, vol. 13(2), pages 151-161, April.
    2. Mahrizal & L. Lanier Nalley & Bruce L. Dixon & Jennie S. Popp, 2014. "An optimal phased replanting approach for cocoa trees with application to Ghana," Agricultural Economics, International Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 45(3), pages 291-302, May.
    3. C.L. Gilbert, 2009. "Cocoa Market Liberalization in Retrospect," Review of Business and Economic Literature, Intersentia, vol. 54(3), pages 294-313, September.
    4. Benjamin, Dwayne, 1995. "Can unobserved land quality explain the inverse productivity relationship?," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 51-84, February.
    5. C. L. Gilbert, 2009. "Cocoa Market Liberalization in Retrospect," Review of Business and Economic Literature, Intersentia, vol. 0(3), pages 294-313, September.
    6. Christopher L. Gilbert, 2009. "Cocoa Market Liberalization in Retrospect," Review of Business and Economic Literature, KU Leuven, Faculty of Economics and Business (FEB), Review of Business and Economic Literature, vol. 0(3), pages 294-312.
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    Cited by:

    1. Tsiboe, Francis & Nalley, Lawton L., 2016. "Effects of biotic and abiotic stress on household cocoa yields in Ghana," African Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, African Association of Agricultural Economists, vol. 11(3).
    2. De los Santos-Montero, Luis A. & Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., 2017. "Natural Resource Management and Household Well-being: The Case of POSAF-II in Nicaragua," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 42-59.
    3. Boris E. Bravo‐Ureta & Mario González‐Flores & William Greene & Daniel Solís, 2021. "Technology and Technical Efficiency Change: Evidence from a Difference in Differences Selectivity Corrected Stochastic Production Frontier Model," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 103(1), pages 362-385, January.
    4. Henk Berg & Suzanne Phillips & Marcel Dicke & Marjon Fredrix, 2020. "Impacts of farmer field schools in the human, social, natural and financial domain: a qualitative review," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(6), pages 1443-1459, December.
    5. De los Santos, Luis Alberto & Bravo-Ureta, Boris Eduardo & Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan, 2017. "Are Natural Resource Management Programs Beneficial? Evidence from the POSAF-II case in Nicaragua," 2017 International Congress, August 28-September 1, 2017, Parma, Italy 261282, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    6. Jeff Luckstead & Francis Tsiboe & Lawton L Nalley, 2019. "Estimating the economic incentives necessary for eliminating child labor in Ghanaian cocoa production," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(6), pages 1-22, June.

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